Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-

George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician and businessman who served as the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009. A member of the Republican Party, he had previously served as the 46th governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000. Born into the Bush family, his father, George H. W. Bush, served as the 41st president of the United States from 1989 to 1993.

Bush is the eldest son of Barbara and George H. W. Bush, and the second son to become the American president after his father, the first being John Quincy Adams. After graduating from Yale University in 1968 and Harvard Business School in 1975, he worked in the oil industry. Bush married Laura Welch in 1977 and unsuccessfully ran for the U.S. House of Representatives shortly thereafter. He later co-owned the Texas Rangers baseball team before defeating Ann Richards in the 1994 Texas gubernatorial election. Bush was elected president of the United States in 2000 when he defeated Democratic incumbent Vice President Al Gore after a narrow and contested win that involved a Supreme Court decision to stop a recount in Florida. He became the fourth person to be elected president without a popular vote victory.

In response to the September 11 terrorist attacks, Bush launched a "War on Terror" that began with the war in Afghanistan in 2001. He also launched the Iraq War in 2003, with the administration arguing that the Saddam Hussein regime possessed an active weapons of mass destruction (WMD) program, and that the Iraqi government posed a threat to the United States. Some administration officials falsely claimed that Hussein had an operational relationship with Al-Qaeda, the perpetrators of the 9/11 attack. No stockpiles of WMDs or an active WMD program were ever found in Iraq. Signature legislation passed during his presidency included broad tax cuts, the Patriot Act, the No Child Left Behind Act, the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act, the Medicare Modernization Act, and funding for the AIDS relief program known as PEPFAR. In the 2004 presidential race, Bush defeated Democratic Senator John Kerry in a close election. After his re-election, Bush received criticism from across the political spectrum[4][5] for his handling of the Iraq War, Hurricane Katrina,[6][7] and other challenges. Amid this criticism, the Democratic Party regained control of Congress in the 2006 elections. In December 2007, the United States entered its longest post-World War II recession, often referred to as the "Great Recession", prompting the Bush administration to obtain congressional approval for multiple economic programs intended to preserve the country's financial system.

Bush was among the most popular, as well as unpopular, U.S. presidents in history; he received the highest recorded approval ratings in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, but one of the lowest such ratings during the 2008 financial crisis.[8] Bush finished his second term in office in 2009 and returned to Texas. In 2010, he published his memoir, Decision Points.[9] His presidential library opened in 2013. His presidency has been rated as one of the worst in historians' polls, although his favorability ratings have improved since leaving office.

George Walker Bush was born July 6, 1946, in New Haven, Connecticut, the first son of future President George Herbert Walker Bush and his wife Barbara (Pierce) Bush. He has five siblings; John (Jeb), Marvin, Neil, and Dorothy (Doro). In 1953, at the age of four, his first sister, Pauline (Robin), died after fighting leukemia.

After attending primary schools in Texas, George W. Bush enrolled at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, from 1961 to 1964. Upon graduation, he studied at Yale University, completing a bachelor’s degree in History in 1968. After college, Bush enlisted in the Air National Guard, serving in Texas and Alabama until his discharge in November 1974. He completed a master’s degree in Business Administration from Harvard University in 1975.

George W. and Laura Bush campaigning from the back of a pickup truck for the 1978 Congressional race in West Texas. (H22-01)
George W. and Laura Bush campaigned from the back of a pickup truck for the 1978 Congressional race in West Texas.

Courtesy George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum (H22-01)

In 1977, George W. Bush met and married Laura Lane Welch, a former teacher and librarian, in Midland, Texas. The couple had twin daughters, Jenna and Barbara, in 1981.

Before beginning a career in politics, Bush worked in the Texas oil industry, founding Arbusto Energy in 1977. In 1986, he underwent a recommitment to his Christian faith, which had a profound impact on his life. He moved his family to Washington D.C. in 1988, while serving as a campaign advisor and media liaison with his father’s Presidential campaign. In 1989, he assembled a group of investors that purchased the Texas Rangers baseball team and served as their managing general partner for the next five years.

Political
President George W. Bush embraces victims of Hurricane Katrina September 2, 2005, during his tour of the Biloxi, Mississippi, area. (P090205ED-0726)
President George W. Bush embraced victims of Hurricane Katrina on September 2, 2005 during a tour of the Biloxi, Mississippi area.

Courtesy George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum (P090205ED-0726)

In 1978, following his family’s distinguished tradition of public service, George W. Bush made his first run for political office to be U.S. Representative of the 19th District in Texas. He lost that race to Kent Hance. In 1994, Bush once again ran for public office and was elected the 46th Governor of Texas. Governor Bush won re-election in 1998 with nearly 69 percent of the vote, becoming the first Governor in Texas history to be elected to two consecutive four-year terms.

In June 1999, George W. Bush announced his candidacy for the Presidency of the United States. His opponent in the 2000 election was Vice President Albert Gore. Though the Presidential election was held November 7, 2000, the final outcome was not known until December 12, 2000, when the Supreme Court decision Bush v. Gore certified Florida’s electoral votes. George W. Bush was inaugurated as the 43rd President of the United States on January 20, 2001.

President George W. Bush places calls to the families of the crew of the space shuttle Columbia, February 1, 2003, from the Oval Office of the White House. (P26340-16)
President George W. Bush placed calls to the families of the crew of the space shuttle Columbia on February 1, 2003 from the Oval Office of the White House.

Courtesy George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum (P26340-16)

Early decisions in the George W. Bush Administration focused on public education. President Bush’s first major initiative, the No Child Left Behind Act of 2002, created reforms that raised standards and improved test scores in the public education system. President Bush increased the size of Pell Grants available to college students to an all-time high and also created the Helping America’s Youth Initiative. This was led by Mrs. Laura W. Bush to help adults connect with at-risk children. Economically, President Bush created a tax relief package, which reduced individual income tax rates and doubled the child tax credit, in addition to other reforms.

The Bush Presidency changed dramatically with the events of September 11, 2001. In the deadliest attack ever on American soil, terrorists hijacked four airplanes, crashing two into the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City and one into the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia. The fourth plane crashed in Shanksville, Pennsylvania after its passengers attempted to overtake the hijackers.

President George W. Bush meets with troops and serves Thanksgiving dinner at the Bob Hope Dining Facility, Baghdad International Airport, Iraq, on November 27, 2003. (P36047-34)
President George W. Bush visited troops and served Thanksgiving Dinner at the Bob Hope Dining Facility, Baghdad International Airport, Iraq on November 27, 2003.

Courtesy George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum (P36047-34)

In response to the September 11th terrorist attacks, President Bush declared a War on Terror, which became a wide-ranging assault on terrorists and those entities that support terrorism around the globe. As part of this effort, the War in Afghanistan began in October 2001 and the War in Iraq in March 2003. President Bush initiated a reorganization of the federal government; established the National Counterterrorism Center, the Department of Homeland Security, and the Homeland Security Council; and created the position of Director of National Intelligence. The USA Freedom Corps, also created following September 11th, aimed to inspire American citizens to serve humanitarian causes greater than themselves.

In the 2004 election, President George W. Bush faced Senator John Kerry of Massachusetts. President Bush was re-elected for a second term, and inaugurated January 20, 2005. Iraq also held its elections – the first free elections in the country – in January 2005.

With Mrs. Laura Bush and guests looking on, President George W. Bush signs a proclamation to create the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument at the ceremony, June 15, 2006, at the White House. (P061506ED-0524)
With Mrs. Laura Bush and guests looking on, President George W. Bush signed a proclamation to create the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument at a ceremony on June 15, 2006 at the White House.

Courtesy George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum (P061506ED-0524)

During his second administration, President George W. Bush continued the development of humanitarian aid programs including the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and the President’s Malaria Initiative, to assist those suffering around the world. President Bush also led efforts to provide more than $3.3 billion to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria. The President and Mrs. Bush worked together to establish the Preserve America Initiative and the National Parks Centennial Initiative, and the President asked Congress to provide more than $6.5 billion to repair and improve the National Park System. He also designated nearly 195,000 square miles of the central Pacific Ocean as national monuments and preserved an additional one million square miles of fish habitats.

In January 2007, President Bush announced his plan for a “surge” of U.S. troops in the Iraq War to combat the insurgency. Following the surge, total violence in Iraq was drastically reduced and the United States established a new embassy in Baghdad in January 2009.

Post-Presidential
Presidents George W. Bush and Bill Clinton survey damage en route to Palace West Camp during a visit to Haiti on March 22, 2010.
Presidents George W. Bush and Bill Clinton surveyed damage en route to Palace West Camp during a visit to Haiti on March 22, 2010.

Courtesy The Clinton-Bush Haiti Fund

On January 20, 2009, George W. Bush returned to Texas as a private citizen. In January 2010, he united with former President Bill Clinton to lead a major fundraising relief effort for the victims of the devastating Haitian earthquake. President Bush’s memoir, Decision Points, was published in November 2010.

On April 25, 2013, President and Mrs. Bush dedicated the Bush Center located on the campus of Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas. The George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum is housed inside the Bush Center and it is administered by the National Archives and Records Administration, a U.S. Federal agency. Five living Presidents and First Ladies attended the Dedication Ceremony.

Since the Dedication Ceremony, President Bush has written two additional books: 41: A Portrait of My Father and Portraits of Courage: A Commander in Chief’s Tribute to America’s Warriors. The paintings that were published in Portraits of Courage were also displayed at the George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum, as part of an exhibit of the same name.

President Bush also provided the paintings for another temporary exhibit, called “The Art of Leadership: A President’s Personal Diplomacy.” The portraits of thirty world leaders were accompanied by reflections about President Bush’s relationships with his foreign counterparts, and the importance of personal diplomacy between leaders in shaping international policy.


Today, President Bush remains actively involved in issues of national and global concern through the George W. Bush Institute, a policy institute that is part of the Center and operated by the George W. Bush Foundation. He continues to emphasize education, global health, human freedom, and support of the military.

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George W. Bush, in full George Walker Bush, (born July 6, 1946, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.), 43rd president of the United States (2001–09), who led his country’s response to the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001 and initiated the Iraq War in 2003. Narrowly winning the electoral college vote in 2000 over Vice Pres. Al Gore in one of the closest and most-controversial elections in American history, George W. Bush became the first person since Benjamin Harrison in 1888 to be elected president despite having lost the nationwide popular vote. Before his election as president, Bush was a businessman and served as governor of Texas (1995–2000).