Mitchell, Evelyn Groesbeeck, 1878-1964

Name: E G Mitchell
Gender: Female
Birth Date: 14 Jun 1878
Birth Place: East Orange City, Essex, New Jersey
Father: Marcus Mitchell
Mother: Groesbeck
FHL Film Number: 494186

"New Jersey Births and Christenings, 1660-1931." Index. FamilySearch, Salt Lake City, Utah, 2009, 2010. Index entries derived from digital copies of original and compiled records.

Ancestry.com. New Jersey, Births and Christenings Index, 1660-1931 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011.

Name: Evelyn Mitchell
Social Security Number: 025-12-7577
Birth Date: 14 Jun 1879
Issue Year: Before 1951
Issue State: Massachusetts
Death Date: Nov 1964

Source Citation
Social Security Administration; Washington D.C., USA; Social Security Death Index, Master File

Source Information
Ancestry.com. U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2014.

Original data: Social Security Administration. Social Security Death Index, Master File. Social Security Administration.

Dr. Evelyn Groesbeeck Mitchell was an entomologist, medical doctor, passionate social reformer, and one of the most awe-inspiring figures I’ve encountered lately. Dr. Mitchell researched mosquitoes in Louisiana during a yellow fever epidemic in 1904. She helped establish women’s clinics in multiple cities to make sure low-income women could access medical care, and as if those activities are not impressive enough, she also worked as a doctor during the 1918 flu epidemic in a Pennsylvania mining town.

Dr. Mitchell had an insatiable desire to learn more about science as a young woman. She earned a bachelor’s degree in 1902 from Cornell, where she took as many neurology, anatomy, and vertebrate zoology classes as she could. In 1904, her professors recommended her as an assistant to the Surgeon General of Louisiana, Dr. James William Dupree, who was in need of an entomologist. It was during a yellow fever epidemic that Dr. Mitchell worked as an illustrator and field assistant for Dupree.

Later in 1904, Dr. Mitchell moved to Washington, D.C. to continue her education—which is when she came to the Smithsonian. From 1904 to 1912, she worked as a scientific illustrator at the United States National Museum, now the National Museum of Natural History. Dr. Mitchell joined the entomology department, but she was already well on her way to becoming an expert on North American mosquitoes. In 1906, she earned a master of science degree from George Washington University, and there, Dr. Mitchell wrote a thesis, "Keys to the Adults, Pupae, Larvae, Eggs of the North American Mosquitoes," inspired by her previous experience in the field. The following year, she published her thesis as a book, titled Mosquito Life. Recognizing the need for a key to better identify and control the mosquitoes she encountered, Dr. Mitchell authored and illustrated the book for experts and lay people to learn more about how mosquitoes breed, bite, transmit disease, and how they might be controlled.

While continuing her work as an illustrator at the Smithsonian, Dr. Mitchell earned an M.D. from Howard University in 1913. She went on to work in many hospitals in D.C., Philadelphia, and Massachusetts. From National American Woman Suffrage Association Records that contain information about Dr. Mitchell, we know that at least in part, Dr. Mitchell moved around so much because institutions wore her out. She combated that bureaucratic fatigue by involving herself directly in social reform activities, such as testifying in court to support women who had been assaulted or holding a discussion group with prisoners in Norfolk County Massachusetts. Sometimes, Dr. Mitchell took refuge in teaching at established universities, but she also volunteered at summer schools for underserved African American students.

I’ll share more stories about Dr. Mitchell in the future. While it can be difficult to find illuminating records about early women in science, we can learn so much about Dr. Mitchell, in part, because she moved in and out of many notable institutions and associations during her lifetime. Those institutions kept records that we can now mine for more information about the life and career of a remarkable scientist.