United States. Embassy (Egypt)

<p>Summary</p>
<p>When the United States became independent, Egypt was part of the Ottoman Empire and its foreign relations were conducted through the Sultan’s government at Istanbul (Constantinople). In 1882, Great Britain established a protectorate over Egypt, which imposed effective British control over Egypt’s foreign affairs despite the fact that it continued to be nominally part of the Ottoman Empire. Beginning with Daniel Smith McCauley on March 17, 1849, and until Egypt’s independence, the United States maintained a consular and quasi-diplomatic presence in Cairo through an “Agent and Consul General.”</p>
<p>Recognition</p>
<p>U.S. Recognition of Egyptian Independence, 1922.</p>
<p>The United States recognized Egypt’s independence on April 26, 1922, in a letter from President Warren G. Harding to King Ahmed Fuad, delivered by American Diplomatic Agent and Consul General at Cairo, J. Morton Howell. Egypt had been under British control as a protectorate.</p>
<p>Formation, Recognition, and Dissolution of the United Arab Republic, 1958-1961.</p>
<p>Egypt and Syria united to form a new state, the United Arab Republic (UAR), on February 22, 1958. The United States recognized the UAR on February 25, 1958, when U.S. Ambassador Raymond Hare delivered a note to that effect to the UAR Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The UAR’s capital was established at Cairo, where the United States maintained its embassy, while the American Embassy in Damascus was reclassified as a Consulate General. Syria seceded from the Union in 1961; however, Egypt continued to be known officially as the “United Arab Republic” until 1971.</p>
<p>Diplomatic Relations</p>
<p>Establishment of Diplomatic Relations and the American Legation in Egypt, 1922.</p>
<p>Diplomatic relations were established on April 26, 1922, upon American recognition of Egyptian independence. American Diplomatic Agent and Consul General at Cairo, J. Morton Howell, had conducted unofficial relations with Egypt as a “semi-independent state” prior to this date, as had been U.S. practice since 1849. Upon recognition, Howell served as the American diplomatic representative to Egypt, and the position of Diplomatic Agent was raised to the rank of Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary on June 24, 1922, thereby establishing the American Legation in Egypt.</p>
<p>Diplomatic Relations Severed by the United Arab Republic, 1967.
The United Arab Republic severed diplomatic relations with the United States on June 6, 1967, in the wake of the June 1967 Arab-Israeli War.</p>
<p>Establishment of U.S. Interest Section in Cairo, 1967.</p>
<p>A U.S. Interests Section was established in the Spanish Embassy in Cairo on June 7, 1967.</p>
<p>Re-establishment of Diplomatic Relations and the American Embassy in Egypt, 1974.</p>
<p>The Governments of Egypt and the United States agreed to resume diplomatic relations on February 28, 1974, and the United States named Ambassador-designate Hermann F. Eilts in charge of the American Embassy in Cairo, which was reopened on the same date.</p>

<p>Variant Name(s): Embassy Cairo</p>
<p>Program Area: Foreign relations</p>
<p>Jurisdiction(s):</p>
<p>Yemen (Republic)</p>
<p>Egypt</p>
<p>The United States opened diplomatic relations with Egypt in 1848 with the appointment of Daniel Smith McCauley to be the first U.S. Agent and Consul General. He presented his credentials on May 17, 1849, and died in Cairo on October 24, 1852. McCauley was succeeded as Agent and Consul General by Richard B. Jones, May 7, 1853; Edwin de Leon, December 14, 1853; William Sydney Thayer (Consul General only), July 1, 1861; Charles Hale, ca. October 15, 1864; George H. Butler, June 2, 1870; Richard Beardsley, September 24, 1872; Elbert E. Farman, July 17, 1876; Simon Wolf, October 22, 1881; George P. Pomeroy, December 16, 1882; John Cardwell, April 19, 1886; Eugene Schuyler, November 23, 1889; John A. Anderson, July 13, 1891; Edward C. Little, April 22, 1893; Frederic C. Penfield, December 11, 1893; Thomas S. Harrison, December 23, 1897; John G. Long, April 2, 1900; John W. Riddle, March 28, 1904; Lewis M. Iddings, December 23, 1905; Peter Augus Jay, November 28, 1910; Olney Arnold, March 23, 1914; Hampson Gary, February 7, 1918; Carroll Sprigg, August 2, 1920; and J. Morton Howell, 1921.</p>
<p>In 1922 the chief of mission was raised to Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary and Howell presented his new credentials on August 28, 1922. He was succeeded by Franklin Mott Gunther, July 19, 1928; William M. Jardine, October 13, 1930; Bert Fish, December 2, 1933; and Alexander C. Kirk, March 29, 1941. Envoys Fish and Kirk were also accredited to Saudi Arabia. Kirk was succeeded by S. Pinkney Tuck who presented his credentials on June 14, 1944.</p>
<p>In 1946 the Legation was reclassified as an embassy and Tuck presented his new credentials as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary on October 10, 1946. He was succeeded by Stanton Griffis, September 2, 1948; Jefferson Caffery, September 29, 1949; Henry A. Byroade, March 7, 1955; and Raymond A. Hare, September 25, 1956.</p>
<p>In 1958 Egypt joined with Syria to form the United Arab Republic (UAR). Later in 1958 it was joined by North Yemen. Syria withdrew from the union in 1961 after a military coup and Yemen soon followed. Egypt continued to use the name until 1971. Ambassador Hare was recommissioned to the UAR and presented his new credentials on March 19, 1958. He was succeeded by G. Frederick Reinhardt, March 22, 1960; John S. Badeau, July 19, 1961; and Lucius D. Battle, September 22, 1964.</p>
<p>Richard H. Nolte was appointed as Ambassador to the UAR on April 5, 1967, and went to Cairo, but never presented his credentials. The UAR severed relations with the United States on June 6, 1967, and a U.S. Interests Section opened in the Spanish Embassy the following day.</p>
<p>The U.S. Embassy was reestablished in Cairo on February 28, 1974, with Ambassador-designate Hermann F. Eilts in charge. He presented his credentials on April 20, 1974. Ambassador Eilts was succeeded by Alfred L. Atherton, July 2, 1979; Nicholas A. Veliotes, November 24, 1983; Frank G. Wisner, August 28, 1986; Robert H. Pelletreau, September 12, 1991; Edward W. Walker, July 20, 1994; Daniel Charles Kurtzer, January 13, 1998; and C. David Welch, September 22, 2001.</p>

<p>5 Tawfik Diab Street</p>
<p>Garden City, Cairo</p>
<p>Egypt</p>
<p>Telephone: (20-2) 2797 3300</p>
<p>Fax: (20-2) 2797 3200</p>