Wright, Louis T. (Louis Tompkins), 1891-1952

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Louis Tompkins Wright (b. July 23, 1891, LaGrange, GA–d. Oct. 8, 1952, New York City, NY); American surgeon and civil rights activist; first African-American on the surgical staff of a non-segregated hospital in New York City, Harlem Hopsital; influential for his medical research and efforts pushing for racial equality in medicine and involvement with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), which he served as chairman for nearly two decades; BA, Clark Atlanta University (1911); MD, Harvard Medical School (1915, 4th in class); postgraduate work, Howard University-affiliated Freedmen's Hospital; married public school teacher Corinne Cooke; had 2 daughters, Jane Cooke Wright and Barbara Wright Pierce, both of whom also became physicians and researchers; joined the Army Medical Corps, serving as a lieutenant during World War I, stationed in France, introduced intradermal vaccination for smallpox, was awarded the Purple Heart after a gas attack; Set up a private practice in Harlem and established ties to the Harlem Hospital, where he was the first African-American on the surgical staff, 1919; appointed to serve as the first African-American police surgeon with the New York Police Department, 1929; at Harlem Hospital, started Harlem Hospital Bulletin, headed the team that first used chlortetracycline on humans, founded the hospital's cancer research center, and earned a reputation as an expert on head injuries; joined the NAACP after medical school and remained involved with the organization for the rest of his life, eventually serving as chairman of its national board of directors; in 1920, early in his tenure at Harlem Hospital, he played a key role in fighting the precedent in New York whereby African-American doctors and nurses were barred from serving in municipal hospitals; recieved the Spingarn Medal, 1940

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