McClintock, Barbara, 1902-1992
Barbara McClintock was a maize geneticist who discovered "crossing over" and translocation or "jumping genes." She received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983.
Barbara McClintock, a maize geneticist, was born in Hartford, Connecticut on 16 June 1902. In 1908 her family moved to Brooklyn, New York, where her interest in science began at Erasmus Hall High School. When she finished high school in 1919, McClintock enrolled, despite her parents' opposition, at Cornell University's College of Agriculture. Since the College would not allow women to major in plant breeding, McClintock majored in botany. At the end of her junior year, after having taken a genetics course, she was invited to take the graduate course in genetics and was unofficially made a graduate student. She received her B.A. in 1923, at which time approximately 25% of the graduates from the College of Agriculture were women. She went on to receive her Ph.D. in botany in 1927; her thesis advisor was Lester Sharp, a cytology professor in the Botany Department.
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