Randolph, A. Philip, 1889-1979

Asa Philip Randolph (born April 15, 1889, Cresent City, Florida-died May 16, 1979, New York City), African-American labor leader and early civil rights spokesman. Influenced by the socialism of Eugene Debs, Randolph began publishing his magazine The Messenger in 1917. He opposed U.S. entry into the first World War. In 1925 he organized the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. His associations with Bayard Rustin and James Farmer influenced his dedication to nonviolence. Randolph was a founder of the League for Nonviolent Civil Disobedience Against Military Segregation. In 1963, he directed the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. The A. Philip Randolph Institute was founded in his honor in 1964.

One of the leading black protest leaders of the twentieth century, he was best known as the editor of the Messenger (a radical Socialist journal), as the organizer of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, and as the leader of the 1941 and 1963 Marches on Washington.

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