Baldwin, James, 1924-1987

James Baldwin was a novelist, essayist, short story writer and playwright. Born in Harlem, he provided a literary voice during the period of civil rights activism in the 1950s and 1960s. His first novel, "Go Tell It on the Mountain" (1953) is a partially autobiographical account of his youth. His other novels include "Giovanni's Room" (1956) and "Another Country" (1962), both concerned with homosexuality as a theme. Baldwin's highly personal and analytical essay collections, "Notes of a Native Son" (1955), "Nobody Knows My Name" (1961), and "The Fire Next Time" (1963) probe deeper than the provincial problems of white versus black to uncover the essential issues of self-determination, identity, and reality. His plays "Blues for Mister Charlie," produced in 1964, "Going to Meet the Man" (1965) and "Tell Me How Long the Train's Been Gone" (1968) also confront American racism. Beginning in 1964, Baldwin made his home primarily in the south of France, but often returned to the United States to lecture or teach. He died in France in 1987.

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