Gallé, Emile, 1846-1904
Emile Gallé (1846-1904) was a celebrated French designer and one of the leaders of the Art Nouveau movement. Born in 1846, in the Eastern French town of Nancy, Gallé was the son of a successful faience and furniture manufacturer. He attended the Lycee Impérial in Nancy and in 1862, at the age of sixteen, he began to travel across Europe studying mineralogy, art history and botany. After returning home in 1864, Gallé spent three years studying glassmaking at one of his father’s workshops in Meisenthal. He also continued to travel in order to develop his knowledge of glass; by visiting museums he was introduced to techniques such as enameling and cameo glass. By 1874 his father retired and Gallé took charge of the family business. A year later he married Henriette Grimm.
Gallé believed that glass vessels should be more than just functional containers. He therefore combined his love of nature and knowledge of glass techniques to produce unique works of art. Using deeply colored and heavy opaque glass, layered in several thicknesses, he formed vessels and decorated them with enameled flowers and insects. He also experimented with different techniques such as wheel cutting, acid etching, casing and using metallic foils and air bubbles in his designs. In 1885 he opened a carpentry shop and began producing furniture. Gallé showed both his furniture and glass objects at the 1889 Paris International Exhibition, where he was awarded a Grand Prix and a Gold Medal.
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