Gunnerius (Gunnar) Ingvald Isachsen

Gunnerius (Gunnar) Ingvald Isachsen was born on 3 October 1868 at Drøbak, Norway. In 1891, he joined the army, becoming a lieutenant in the cavalry and advancing to the rank of captain in 1899. He studied at the marine observatory in Wilhelmshaven, Germany, in 1898, the year in which he served as cartographer in Fram on the Norwegian Exploring Expedition, 1898-1902 (leader Otto Sverdrup), organized to explore the north coast of Greenland by way of Smith Sound. In May 1899, Isachsen and Ove Braskerud set out on a journey with the object of crossing Ellesmere Island, reaching a point in the interior at about 78° 30 minutes North, 83° West, before returning to Fram in July. The following March, Isachsen and Sverre Hassel accompanied Sverdrup on a sledging journey along the south and west coasts of Ellesmere Island, until April when, from the west coast of Axel Heiberg Island, they sighted new land to the west, which he and Hassel set out to explore. On 20 April, they landed on the new island, Amund Ringnes Island, where they remained for a short time before returning to the ship. In 1901, Isachsen and Hassel accompanied two sledging parties to Norwegian Bay before travelling by way of the north coast of Graham Island to Cape Southwest, Axel Heiberg Island. They then crossed Hendriksen Strait to the south coast of Amund Ringnes Island, continuing west to Ellef Ringnes Island before returning to the northernmost point of Amund Ringnes Island. They returned to Fram at Goose Fiord by way of Axel Heiberg Island. During the final year of the expedition, Isachsen and Edvard Bay surveyed Baad Fiord on the south coast of Ellesmere Island before crossing Jones Sound to Cape Sparbo, Devon Island, and exploring its north coast.

Between 1903 and 1905, Isachsen transferred to the French army, serving in North Africa and Paris. In 1906, Isachsen led the Norwegian party on the International Scientific Expedition (leader Albert I, Prince of Monaco), sponsored by the Prince to conduct oceanographic and high-altitude meteorological work northwest of Spitsbergen and to survey and map the unknown interior areas of northwest Spitsbergen and Prins Karls Forland. Isachsen and his party took the steamer Kvedfjord to the east coast of Krossfjorden, where they made their first camp. They conducted topological surveys around Krossfjorden before moving to southeast Danskøya, the starting point for their main inland surveys. Using Smeerenburgbreen as their main route inland, they divided into two main parties, systematically exploring that region. He returned to Svalbard the following year as leader of the Norwegian Party on the International Scientific Expedition, sponsored by Albert I to continue their scientific work in northwest Spitsbergen.

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