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            <abstract>The collection (19000 items) contains photos, miscellaneous business papers, programs, speeches, clippings related to C. C. Spaulding, black civil rights, and to African-American life more generally (organized by subject), in addition to payroll ledgers and various publications created by and related to North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company. These papers document the growth of North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company, Spaulding's and the company's connection to the community, their pride in that community, and their involvement in African-American issues (local and beyond) and livelihood. Acquired as part of the John Hope Franklin Research Center for African and African-American Documentation. (99-481) The addition to the collection (600 items) documents C. C. Spaulding's professional life as President of the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company (NC Mutual) and his political interests as an African-American professional in Durham, N.C., during the Jim Crow era from the 1930s to his death in 1952. The collection includes pamphlets and publications from NC Mutual; speeches by Spaulding; correspondence to and from Spaulding and various public officials on city, state, and national levels; and newspaper clippings and funeral bulletins regarding Black citizens of Durham. </abstract>
            <repository>
              <corpname authfilenumber="http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6hf8j4d">Duke University Libraries, Duke University Library; Perkins Library</corpname>
            </repository>
          </did>
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      <resourceRelation xlink:type="simple" xlink:role="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/control/term#ArchivalResource" xlink:arcrole="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/control/term#referencedIn" xlink:href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/727944850">
        <relationEntry>North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company (Durham, N.C.). North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company Archives, 1850-2008 and undated.</relationEntry>
        <objectXMLWrap>
          <did xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
            <origination>
              <persname>North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company (Durham, N.C.)</persname>
              <persname>University Archives, Records and History Center (North Carolina Central University)</persname>
              <persname>John Hope Franklin Research Center for African and African American History and Culture (Duke University)</persname>
            </origination>
            <unittitle>North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company Archives, 1850-2008 and undated.</unittitle>
            <physdesc>
              <extent>98,000 items (217.0 lin. ft.)</extent>
            </physdesc>
            <abstract>The North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company Archives documents the development of N.C. Mutual in Durham, N.C., and contributes to the historic record on African American businesses and entrepreneurship in the South and in the United States. Dating from 1850 to 2008, with the majority of the items dating from 1898-2008, the material covers nearly every aspect of N.C. Mutual's operations, management, and milestones. Documents take the form of corporate office files, including the offices of five company presidents; annual statements; reports; surveys; memos; legal and financial papers; original life insurance policies; training material; programs; ephemera and artifacts; and a large number of historical photographs of staff and their families, offices, buildings, and Durham scenes. Significant businessmen represented in the papers include founders John Merrick and Aaron Moore; and presidents Bert Collins, Joseph Goodloe, William Kennedy Jr., William Kennedy, III, Charles C. Spaulding, Asa T. Spaulding, and current president James H. Speed. The collection is especially rich in print material, including many issues of three company publications: The Mutual (1903-1929), The Whetstone (1924-1998), and The Weekly Review (1925-1998). It is also notable for its assemblage of material on United States African American history, and public relations material dating from the earliest years to present times, including advertising ephemera, advertising campaigns, and other related items. Other materials document NCM's outreach to the African American community throughout its history to counter racism, unemployment, and diseases by means of public health programs, church affiliations, mentoring, and scholarship programs. Over one hundred selected digitized photographs and a few documents are also available online. Acquired and curated jointly by the North Carolina Central University's University Archives, Records and History Center and the John Hope Franklin Research Center for African and African American History and Culture at Duke University. </abstract>
            <repository>
              <corpname authfilenumber="http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6hf8j4d">Duke University Libraries, Duke University Library; Perkins Library</corpname>
            </repository>
          </did>
        </objectXMLWrap>
      </resourceRelation>
      <resourceRelation xlink:type="simple" xlink:role="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/control/term#ArchivalResource" xlink:arcrole="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/control/term#referencedIn" xlink:href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70970019">
        <relationEntry>Shaw University. Board of Trustees. Board of Trustees records, 1898-1957 (bulk 1940-1950).</relationEntry>
        <objectXMLWrap>
          <did xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
            <origination>
              <persname>Shaw University. Board of Trustees.</persname>
            </origination>
            <unittitle>Board of Trustees records, 1898-1957 (bulk 1940-1950).</unittitle>
            <physdesc>
              <extent>2.5 linear ft.</extent>
            </physdesc>
            <abstract>Materials include minutes (1902-1917), annual meeting minutes (1900-1902, 1939-1953), annual reports, bound volumes of secretary's minutes (1902-1917), trustee records, by-laws of the board, deed (1943), miscellaneous reports (1898-1919), Greenleaf legacy materials (1933-1937), and correspondence with C.C. Spaulding. </abstract>
            <repository>
              <corpname authfilenumber="http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6d619jw">Shaw University, James E. Cheek Learning Resources Center</corpname>
            </repository>
          </did>
        </objectXMLWrap>
      </resourceRelation>
      <resourceRelation xlink:type="simple" xlink:role="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/control/term#ArchivalResource" xlink:arcrole="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/control/term#referencedIn" xlink:href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70968841">
        <relationEntry>Winston-Salem State University. Office of the Chancellor. Francis Logouen Atkins records, 1925-1979 (bulk 1934-1961).</relationEntry>
        <objectXMLWrap>
          <did xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
            <origination>
              <persname>Winston-Salem State University. Office of the Chancellor.</persname>
              <persname>Atkins, Francis Logouen, 1896-1982.</persname>
            </origination>
            <unittitle>Francis Logouen Atkins records, 1925-1979 (bulk 1934-1961).</unittitle>
            <physdesc>
              <extent>3.5 linear ft.</extent>
            </physdesc>
            <abstract>Papers of Francis Logouen Atkins, instructor, registrar, dean and president of Winston-Salem Teachers College. </abstract>
            <repository>
              <corpname authfilenumber="http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6c35k5f">Winston Salem State University, C.G. O'Kelly Library</corpname>
            </repository>
          </did>
        </objectXMLWrap>
      </resourceRelation>
      <resourceRelation xlink:type="simple" xlink:role="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/control/term#ArchivalResource" xlink:arcrole="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/control/term#referencedIn" xlink:href="http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms010300">
        <relationEntry>Harmon Foundation, Inc., Records, 1913-1967, (bulk 1925-1933)</relationEntry>
        <objectXMLWrap>
          <did xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
            <unittitle>Harmon Foundation, Inc.,  Records 1913-1967 (bulk 1925-1933)</unittitle>
            <physdesc>
              <extent>37,800  items; 121 containers; 48.4 linear feet</extent>
            </physdesc>
            <abstract>Correspondence,  biographical notes, catalogs, scrapbooks, and other material relating to the  organization and its founder, William Elmer Harmon. Included are records of the  foundation's award programs, biographical notes on African and African-American  artists, and correspondence with African art centers.</abstract>
            <langmaterial>
              <language langcode="eng">English</language>
            </langmaterial>
            <repository>
              <corpname authfilenumber="http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6107sr5">Library of Congress.  Manuscript Division</corpname>
            </repository>
          </did>
        </objectXMLWrap>
      </resourceRelation>
      <resourceRelation xlink:type="simple" xlink:role="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/control/term#ArchivalResource" xlink:arcrole="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/control/term#referencedIn" xlink:href="http://id.lib.harvard.edu/ead/sch00160/catalog">
        <relationEntry>Papers, 1900-1961</relationEntry>
        <objectXMLWrap>
          <did xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
            <origination>
              <persname>CHARLOTTE EUGENIA (HAWKINS) BROWN, 1883-1961</persname>
            </origination>
            <unittitle>Papers of Charlotte Hawkins Brown, 1900-1961</unittitle>
            <physdesc>
              <extent>2.84 linear feet ((3+1/2 file boxes, 1 folio+ box) plus 4 oversize folders, 2 folio+ folders, 4 reels of microfilm)</extent>
            </physdesc>
            <abstract>This collection provides information about Charlotte Hawkins Brown's life and activities, about Palmer Memorial Institute, and particularly about Brown's continuing struggle to enlarge the school, the financial problems she encountered, and her constant fund-raising efforts.</abstract>
            <langmaterial>
              <language langcode="eng">English</language>
            </langmaterial>
            <repository>
              <corpname authfilenumber="http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6q060rg">Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏</corpname>
            </repository>
          </did>
        </objectXMLWrap>
      </resourceRelation>
      <resourceRelation xlink:type="simple" xlink:role="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/control/term#ArchivalResource" xlink:arcrole="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/control/term#referencedIn" xlink:href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/31816499">
        <relationEntry>Moton family. Papers, 1850-1991 (bulk 1930-1940).</relationEntry>
        <objectXMLWrap>
          <did xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
            <origination>
              <persname>Moton family.</persname>
            </origination>
            <unittitle>Papers, 1850-1991 (bulk 1930-1940).</unittitle>
            <physdesc>
              <extent>11 linear ft.</extent>
            </physdesc>
            <abstract>Correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, printed materials, and other papers, relating chiefly to efforts in the 1930s by the Motons to promote educational and economic opportunities for African Americans and to improve race relations. Documents Robert Moton's work with African American businesses and institutions and civil rights organizations, including the Colored Merchants Association, Commission on Interracial Cooperation, Hampton Institute, National Negro Business League, National Urban League, Negro Rural School Fund, Phelps-Stokes Fund, Tuskegee Institute, Veterans Administration Hospital (Tuskegee, Ala.), and Colored Work Dept. of the National Council of the Young Men's Christian Associations of the United States of America; Jennie Moton's activities as field agent for the U.S. Agricultural Adjustment Administration's southern division, as president of the National Association of Colored Women, and as director of women's industries at Tuskegee Institute; and Charlotte Moton Hubbard's service as U.S. deputy assistant secretary of state for public affairs. Correspondents include Will Winton Alexander, Jessie Daniel Ames, Tom M. Blanton, Susie V. Bouldin, Thomas M. Campbell, George Washington Carver, Jackson Davis, Ada B. DeMent, Helen M. Hewlett, Albon L. Holsey, Bertha L. Johnson, Eugene Kinckle Jones, Thomas Jesse Jones, R. Hayne King, Frederick D. Patterson, C.C. Spaulding, Ella P. Stewart, Sallie W. Stewart, Anson Phelps Stokes, Lyman Beecher Stowe, Robert R. Taylor, Jesse O. Thomas, Channing H. Tobias, Mary F. Waring, Walter Francis White, L. Hollingsworth Wood, and Arthur D. Wright. </abstract>
            <repository>
              <corpname authfilenumber="http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6f58cnp">Library of Congress</corpname>
            </repository>
          </did>
        </objectXMLWrap>
      </resourceRelation>
      <resourceRelation xlink:type="simple" xlink:role="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/control/term#ArchivalResource" xlink:arcrole="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/control/term#referencedIn" xlink:href="http://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/findingaids/kelljohnmcintosh/">
        <relationEntry>John McIntosh Kell papers, 1785-1921 and undated</relationEntry>
        <objectXMLWrap>
          <did xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
            <origination>
              <persname>Kell, John McIntosh, 1823-1900</persname>
            </origination>
            <unittitle>John McIntosh Kell papers 1785-1921 and undated</unittitle>
            <physdesc>
              <extent>9.0 Linear feet</extent>
            </physdesc>
            <abstract>The collection includes papers and volumes created by John McIntosh Kell (1823-1900) of the U.S. Navy and his family. Family correspondence includes letters from John McIntosh Kell's period of service in the U.S. Navy, family and buisness papers from the Kell, Nathan Campbell Munroe, and Tabitha Easter (Napier) Munroe families discussing Georgia policitcs and other local events. Volumes in the collection include logs of the U.S. frigate Savannah, the U.S.S. Falmouth, and Shark. There is also an unpublished manuscript by Kell's wife and a scrapbook of clippings about noted Confederate leaders.</abstract>
            <repository>
              <corpname authfilenumber="http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6w48ndj">David M. Rubenstein Rare Book &amp; Manuscript Library</corpname>
            </repository>
          </did>
        </objectXMLWrap>
      </resourceRelation>
      <resourceRelation xlink:type="simple" xlink:role="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/control/term#ArchivalResource" xlink:arcrole="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/control/term#referencedIn" xlink:href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/33082365">
        <relationEntry>Johnson, Guy Benton, 1901-1991. Guy Benton Johnson papers, 1830-1987.</relationEntry>
        <objectXMLWrap>
          <did xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
            <origination>
              <persname>Johnson, Guy Benton, 1901-1991.</persname>
            </origination>
            <unittitle>Guy Benton Johnson papers, 1830-1987.</unittitle>
            <physdesc>
              <extent>About 20400 items (61.0 linear feet)</extent>
            </physdesc>
            <abstract>Papers, mostly correspondence and research project files, relating chiefly to Johnson's work at the University of Chicago and at UNC on the Ku Klux Klan; musical abilities of African-Americans and white Americans; African-American folksongs; the John Henry legend; the folklore and language (Gullah) of Saint Helena Island, S.C.; Lumbee Indians of Robeson County, N.C.; and the desegregation of higher education. Many items relate to his and Guion's participation in the Gunnar Myrdal Study of the American Negro, 1939-1940. There are also materials documenting Johnson's work with the Southern Regional Council, of which he was director in 1944-1947; the North Carolina Council on Human Relations; the Phelps-Stokes Fund; and the Howard University Board of Trustees; and his service to professional sociological organizations. Also included are writings by Johnson, pedagogical materials, photographs and other materials relating to his family in North Carolina and Texas and career. Johnson's correspondents included Langston Hughes, Charles S. Johnson, C.C. Spaulding, H.L. Mencken, Carl van Vechten, W.E.B. Du Bois, Marion Wright, and many other intellectuals, scholars, writers, and activists, both black and white. </abstract>
            <repository>
              <corpname authfilenumber="http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6xj0ds0">University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</corpname>
            </repository>
          </did>
        </objectXMLWrap>
      </resourceRelation>
      <resourceRelation xlink:type="simple" xlink:role="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/control/term#ArchivalResource" xlink:arcrole="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/control/term#referencedIn" xlink:href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70965188">
        <relationEntry>Fayetteville State University. Photographs, 1880-1990 (bulk 1960-1990).</relationEntry>
        <objectXMLWrap>
          <did xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
            <origination>
              <persname>Fayetteville State University.</persname>
            </origination>
            <unittitle>Photographs, 1880-1990 (bulk 1960-1990).</unittitle>
            <physdesc>
              <extent>40 linear ft.</extent>
            </physdesc>
            <abstract>Topics include athletic events, chancellors, students, student organizations, faculty, homecoming, campus queens, cheerleaders, buildings, graduations, Founder's Day, concerts, Jesse Jackson, Maya Angelou, Langston Hughes, Alex Haley, Phillipa Schuyler, Charles W. Chesnutt, Dr. E.E. Smith, and C.C. Spaulding. </abstract>
            <repository>
              <corpname authfilenumber="http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6sg3jph">Fayetteville State University, Charles W. Chesnutt Library</corpname>
            </repository>
          </did>
        </objectXMLWrap>
      </resourceRelation>
      <resourceRelation xlink:type="simple" xlink:role="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/control/term#ArchivalResource" xlink:arcrole="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/control/term#referencedIn" xlink:href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70969988">
        <relationEntry>Elder, Alfonso, 1898-1974. Alfonso Elder scrapbook, 1948-1965.</relationEntry>
        <objectXMLWrap>
          <did xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
            <origination>
              <persname>Elder, Alfonso, 1898-1974.</persname>
            </origination>
            <unittitle>Alfonso Elder scrapbook, 1948-1965.</unittitle>
            <physdesc>
              <extent>1 v.</extent>
            </physdesc>
            <abstract>Scrapbook documents the administration of Alfonso Elder and includes news clippings, photographs, and programs. </abstract>
            <repository>
              <corpname authfilenumber="http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6dg7gnb">North Carolina Central University, James E. Shepard Memorial Library</corpname>
            </repository>
          </did>
        </objectXMLWrap>
      </resourceRelation>
      <resourceRelation xlink:type="simple" xlink:role="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/control/term#ArchivalResource" xlink:arcrole="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/control/term#referencedIn" xlink:href="http://id.lib.harvard.edu/ead/sch00160/catalog">
        <relationEntry>Brown, Charlotte Hawkins, 1883-1961. Papers, 1900-1961 (inclusive).</relationEntry>
        <objectXMLWrap>
          <did xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
            <origination>
              <persname>CHARLOTTE EUGENIA (HAWKINS) BROWN, 1883-1961</persname>
            </origination>
            <unittitle>Papers of Charlotte Hawkins Brown, 1900-1961</unittitle>
            <physdesc>
              <extent>2.84 linear feet ((3+1/2 file boxes, 1 folio+ box) plus 4 oversize folders, 2 folio+ folders, 4 reels of microfilm)</extent>
            </physdesc>
            <abstract>This collection provides information about Charlotte Hawkins Brown's life and activities, about Palmer Memorial Institute, and particularly about Brown's continuing struggle to enlarge the school, the financial problems she encountered, and her constant fund-raising efforts.</abstract>
            <langmaterial>
              <language langcode="eng">English</language>
            </langmaterial>
            <repository>
              <corpname authfilenumber="http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6q060rg">Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏</corpname>
            </repository>
          </did>
        </objectXMLWrap>
      </resourceRelation>
      <resourceRelation xlink:type="simple" xlink:role="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/control/term#ArchivalResource" xlink:arcrole="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/control/term#referencedIn" xlink:href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70937801">
        <relationEntry>National Urban League. Southern Regional Office. Records, 1900-1988 (bulk 1943-1978).</relationEntry>
        <objectXMLWrap>
          <did xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9">
            <origination>
              <persname>National Urban League. Southern Regional Office.</persname>
              <persname>Jackson, Nelson C.</persname>
              <persname>Thomas, Jesse O., b. 1885.</persname>
            </origination>
            <unittitle>Records, 1900-1988 (bulk 1943-1978).</unittitle>
            <physdesc>
              <extent>149.2 linear ft.</extent>
            </physdesc>
            <abstract>Correspondence, memoranda, notes, reports, surveys, minutes of meetings, speeches and articles, financial records, printed material, photographs, and other records of the Southern Regional Office and regional affiliates. Pertains chiefly to the founding and organization of the office, relations with affiliate offices and the national office, and work of the office in relation to economic and social concerns of African Americans in the South. Topics include the League's adoption program; the Atlanta School of Social Work; boycotts of retail merchants; business and employment opportunities; civil rights; community development; crime; disaster relief; education; health; housing; manual and vocational training programs; continued migration to the northern states; relief for African Americans during the Depression; activities of segregationist organizations; minority recruitment by the U.S. Navy; voter education; the return of African American veterans following World War II; and women's issues. Officials of the Southern Regional Office represented include Harry L. Alston, William Y. Bell, Jr., Clarence D. Coleman, Nelson C. Jackson, Vernon E. Jordan, Franklin O. Nichols, Mahlon T. Puryear, Clarence Thomas, and Jesse O. Thomas. Includes personal papers of office directors, Jesse O. Thomas and Nelson C. Jackson. Correspondents include Claude Barnett, Mary McLeod Bethune, Lester B. Granger, George Edmund Haynes, T. Arnold Hill, Albon L. Holsey, John Hope, Eugene Kinckle Jones, J.R.E. Lee, Benjamin Elijah Mays, Robert Russa Moton, Alvin J. Neely, Guichard Parris, Charles C. Spaulding, Ann Tanneyhill, Forrester B. Washington, L. Hollingsworth Wood, Monroe Nathan Work, and Whitney M. Young. </abstract>
            <repository>
              <corpname authfilenumber="http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6f58cnp">Library of Congress</corpname>
            </repository>
          </did>
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