Born in Los Angeles, California on 8 June 1918. Education: B.A., Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (1941), Ph.D., Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (1944). Employment: 1941-1942 Pennsylvania State University; 1942-1945 University of California, Los Angeles; 1945-1946 Harvard University; 1946-1952 Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 1952- California Institute of Technology.