Biography
Wallace Irving Terry was born in Sacramento, California, on November 26, 1868. He attended public schools in Sacramento and graduated from the University of California in 1890 with a B.S. degree. He obtained his M.D. degree from the University of California Medical School in December of 1892, and then spent a year as intern at St. Luke's Hospital.
Dr. Terry had decided to pursue a career in surgery, but felt he needed more time for study and practical preparation, so after a short service as City Physician of Sacramento, he began postgraduate work in March, 1894, at the New York Polyclinic under John A. Wyeth and Charles McBurney; he also attended some of the clinics of Robert F. Weir. Later he studied in Germany with Czerny, von Bergmann and Lungerhaus, and visited clinics in France and England.
Returning to San Francisco in 1896, Dr. Terry began a private practice limited to surgery. In 1899 he joined the teaching staff of the University of California Medical School as an assistant in surgery. He advanced from this assistantship to the position of instructor in surgery (1903-1907) and then to assistant professor (1907-1912). In 1912 the affiliated colleges (departments of medicine, dentistry and pharmacy) became an integral part of the University. The medical school was reorganized and Dr. Terry was appointed professor of surgery and head of the department, a position he would hold until his retirement in 1930.
John Homer Woolsey has credited Dr. Terry, along with Drs. Stillman and Rixford, as having brought modern surgery to San Francisco and environs. Indeed, every year Dr. Terry spent a month or so visiting Eastern clinics, gleaning the best from each and bringing it home to San Francisco. Some innovations he disseminated in this way include the first direct blood transfusions from donor to patient by the use of Brewer's glass tube (it has been noted that while the actual procedure "worked only after a fashion," it was the beginning of a succession of improvements which resulted in the blood bank of today); nitrous oxide anesthesia and anociassociation (also called anocithesia; the blunting of harmful association impulses, designed to minimize the effect of surgical shock) at a time when chloroform and ether were the only anesthetic agents in use; the use of the first non-absorbable sutures (silk was used first, and later cotton); early removal of drains from wounds, promoting more rapid healing by collapse instead of slower granulation; elimination of the use of castor oil pre-and postoperatively, which helped to conserve the patient's fluids at a time when the only fluid replacement was the uncertain Murphy Drip; most importantly, the practice of careful asepsis (including the use of rubber gloves), meticulous hemostasis, the careful handling and respect for all tissues as a substitute for the speed and trauma of nineteenth-century surgery.
Perhaps the most significant of Dr. Terry's educational trips occurred in 1901, when he spent an extended period of study at the Berne, Switzerland clinic of Theodore Kocher, the "father of goiter surgery." Having noted a prevalence of goiter in Northern California, Dr. Terry had a special interest in disease and surgery of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. He assimilated all he could from his association with Kocher and applied this experience to his practice and teaching. In an era before the advent of iodine therapy, Dr. Terry dominated this specialty on the Pacific coast. In his lifetime he performed more than 3000 goiter operations, frequently more than 200 per year, and by so doing laid the foundation for the reputation of the University of California as a center for the treatment and management of goiter.
Dr. Terry was a charter member of the American College of Surgeons, the American Board of Surgery, and the Pacific Coast Surgical Association. He served on important boards and committees of these organizations. He served as librarian of the San Francisco Medical Society for several years just preceding his election to the presidency in 1906; in the days following the great earthquake and fire of that year, he helped coordinate civilian medical personnel with the authorities in charge. In 1908, when the City Emergency Hospital Service need renovation, he served as its chief for two years. During World War I, he served under the direction of Army authorities in the formation of Base Hospital No. 30. Also during this period, Dr. Terry --along with Dr. Herbert C. Moffitt --was instrumental in raising funds for the construction of the University Hospital, which opened in 1917. In 1929, he was president of the Pacific Coast Surgical Association. He served on the editorial boards of Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Archives of Surgery, and the Western Journal of Surgery. His contributions to the medical literature were relatively small, some thirty-three in number, but most worthwhile and covered all aspects of surgery in which he was interested.
Dr. Terry died on September 22, 1950. On December 14th, 1956, his family and associates gathered at the new Moffitt Hospital to dedicate the Wallace Irving Terry Surgical Pavilion.
From the guide to the Wallace Irving Terry Papers, 1892-1939, (University of California, San Francisco. Library. Archives and Special Collections.)
