Compare Constellations
Information: The first column shows data points from Crowle, Archibald, Soldier at Tangier in red. The third column shows data points from Crossley, Archibald M., 1896-1985 in blue. Any data they share in common is displayed as purple boxes in the middle "Shared" column.
Name Entries
Crowle, Archibald, Soldier at Tangier
Shared
Crossley, Archibald M., 1896-1985
Crowle, Archibald, Soldier at Tangier
Name Components
Name :
Crowle, Archibald, Soldier at Tangier
Dates
- Name Entry
- Crowle, Archibald, Soldier at Tangier
Citation
- Name Entry
- Crowle, Archibald, Soldier at Tangier
[
{
"contributor": "BL",
"form": "authorizedForm"
}
]
Contributors from initial SNAC EAC-CPF ingest
Crossley, Archibald M., 1896-1985
Name Components
Name :
Crossley, Archibald M., 1896-1985
Dates
- Name Entry
- Crossley, Archibald M., 1896-1985
Citation
- Name Entry
- Crossley, Archibald M., 1896-1985
[
{
"contributor": "LC",
"form": "authorizedForm"
}
]
Contributors from initial SNAC EAC-CPF ingest
Crossley, Archibald M.
Name Components
Name :
Crossley, Archibald M.
Dates
- Name Entry
- Crossley, Archibald M.
Citation
- Name Entry
- Crossley, Archibald M.
[
{
"contributor": "uct",
"form": "authorizedForm"
}
]
Contributors from initial SNAC EAC-CPF ingest
Archibald M. Crossley
Name Components
Name :
Archibald M. Crossley
Dates
- Name Entry
- Archibald M. Crossley
Citation
- Name Entry
- Archibald M. Crossley
[
{
"contributor": "uct",
"form": "authorizedForm"
}
]
Contributors from initial SNAC EAC-CPF ingest
Кроссли, Арчибальд, 1896-1985
Name Components
Name :
Кроссли, Арчибальд, 1896-1985
Dates
- Name Entry
- Кроссли, Арчибальд, 1896-1985
Citation
- Name Entry
- Кроссли, Арчибальд, 1896-1985
[
{
"contributor": "VIAF",
"form": "alternativeForm"
}
]
Contributors from initial SNAC EAC-CPF ingest
Krossli, Archibalʹd, 1896-1985
Name Components
Name :
Krossli, Archibalʹd, 1896-1985
Dates
- Name Entry
- Krossli, Archibalʹd, 1896-1985
Citation
- Name Entry
- Krossli, Archibalʹd, 1896-1985
[
{
"contributor": "VIAF",
"form": "alternativeForm"
}
]
Contributors from initial SNAC EAC-CPF ingest
Citation
- Exist Dates
- Exist Dates
Epithet: Soldier at Tangier
eng
Latn
Citation
- BiogHist
- BiogHist
Archibald Maddock Crossley was born 7 December 1896 in Fieldsboro, New Jersey . An early pioneer of public polling and one of the first to use representative sampling techniques, Crossley was a 1917 graduate of Princeton University . Employed by J. H.Cross Company (1918-1922), a small advertising firm in Philadelphia, he later joined the Literary Digest (1922-1926) as an assistant research director. In 1926, he established his own marketing research company, Crossley, Inc. .
His first significant contribution to commercial market research was the creation of a radio audience measurement system, "Crossley Ratings," in 1929. The ratings determined the audience size of radio broadcasts by calling homes and asking people what they listened to the previous night or day segment. The first to methodically measure local and national audiences by telephone on a systematic basis, Crossley is credited with originationg the term "rating." Crossley ratings were followed with the simpler "Hooper Ratings" in 1946. Even now, ratings are the basis for advertising costs and program renewals. Crossley also played a major role in research on printed media through the "Continuing Study of Magazine Audiences" (CSMA) and studies for Life, Look and other publications. The Crossley agency became an almost indispensible business aid for newspapers, magazines, advertising agencies and broadcasting firms, becoming one of the first to sample public reaction to brand names of breakfast foods, toothpaste, soap, silver and other household items.
In 1936 Crossley competed with two other survey research pioneers, George Gallup and Elmo Roper, to successfully predict the results of the United States Presidential election. The 1936 election was a pivotal point in polling after the Literary Digest incorrectly predicted the defeat of Franklin D. Roosevelt, demonstrating the fallibility of polls based on sheer numbers and the merit of polls based on scientifically selected samples of the U.S. population. Crossley, Inc. merged with the market research firm of Stewart, Dougall & Associates to form Crossley SD Surveys in 1954, later a subsidiary of Westat, Inc. Crossley himself continued doing political research as a consultant through ArchCross Associates, including several studies for Governor Nelson Rockefeller of New York .
Concerned with ethics in polling, Crossley was a founder of the Market Research Council, and active in the National Council on Public Polls and the American Association for Public Opinion Research of which he was president in 1969. He was awarded the Bok Prize for the first radio ratings by Harvard University (1931), the silver medal for service to radio Advertising Award (1943) and the AAPOR Award for exceptional achievement.
Throughout his career, Crossley "concentrated on the psychology of questionnaires, focusing on how question wording could affect how the intensity of a given response is measured. This led him to crusade for ethics and professional polling standards". [ Encyclopedia of Survey research methods, v. 2, 2008, p. 170.]
Crossley was 88 when he died at his home in Princeton, NJ on 1 May 1985.
eng
Latn
Citation
- BiogHist
- BiogHist
https://viaf.org/viaf/220831485
https://viaf.org/viaf/220831485
https://viaf.org/viaf/220831485
Citation
- Same-As Relation
- https://viaf.org/viaf/220831485
https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2011194252
https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2011194252
https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2011194252
Citation
- Same-As Relation
- https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2011194252
https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2011194252
https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2011194252
https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2011194252
Citation
- Same-As Relation
- https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2011194252
/047-001940833
Citation
- Source
- /047-001940833
<objectXMLWrap> <container xmlns=""> <filename>/data/source/findingAids/uct/MSS19990007.xml</filename> <ead_entity en_type="persname">Archibald M.Crossley</ead_entity> </container> </objectXMLWrap>
http://doddcenter.uconn.edu/asc/findaids/crossley/MSS19990007.html
Citation
- Source
- http://doddcenter.uconn.edu/asc/findaids/crossley/MSS19990007.html
<objectXMLWrap> <container xmlns=""> <filename>/data/source/findingAids/uct/MSS19990007.xml</filename> <ead_entity en_type="persname" source="ingest">Crossley, Archibald M.</ead_entity> </container> </objectXMLWrap>
http://doddcenter.uconn.edu/asc/findaids/crossley/MSS19990007.html
Citation
- Source
- http://doddcenter.uconn.edu/asc/findaids/crossley/MSS19990007.html
http://viaf.org/viaf/220831485
Citation
- Source
- http://viaf.org/viaf/220831485
City of Tangier: Minute-books of courts-martial at: 1661-1679.John Luke, Secretary to the Governor, and Judge Advocate at Tangier: Collections relating to Tangier: 1660-1677.Charles II of England: Correspondence and papers relating to the English Gov...
Title:
City of Tangier: Minute-books of courts-martial at: 1661-1679.John Luke, Secretary to the Governor, and Judge Advocate at Tangier: Collections relating to Tangier: 1660-1677.Charles II of England: Correspondence and papers relating to the English Gov... Unspecified
ArchivalResource: 1 item
http://searcharchives.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?srt=rank&ct=search&mode=Basic&indx=1&vl(freeText0)=040-002115902&fn=search&vid=IAMS_VU2 View
View in SNACreferencedIn
Citation
- Resource Relation
- City of Tangier: Minute-books of courts-martial at: 1661-1679.John Luke, Secretary to the Governor, and Judge Advocate at Tangier: Collections relating to Tangier: 1660-1677.Charles II of England: Correspondence and papers relating to the English Gov...
Archibald M. Crossley Papers., undated, 1926-2002.
Title:
Archibald M. Crossley Papers. undated, 1926-2002.
The Archibald M. Crossley Papers contains the personal and professional papers of survey research pioneer, . Reports, studies, questionnaires, correspondence and publications document the interactions, interests and activities of Crossley and his peers, as well as the polling organizations and companies with which he was associated.
ArchivalResource: 50.55 Linear feet
http://doddcenter.uconn.edu/asc/findaids/crossley/MSS19990007.html View
View in SNACreferencedIn
Citation
- Resource Relation
- Archibald M. Crossley Papers., undated, 1926-2002.
Archibald M. Crossley Papers., undated, 1926-2002.
Title:
Archibald M. Crossley Papers. undated, 1926-2002.
The Archibald M. Crossley Papers contains the personal and professional papers of survey research pioneer, . Reports, studies, questionnaires, correspondence and publications document the interactions, interests and activities of Crossley and his peers, as well as the polling organizations and companies with which he was associated.
ArchivalResource: 50.55 Linear feet
http://doddcenter.uconn.edu/asc/findaids/crossley/MSS19990007.html View
View in SNACcreatorOf
Citation
- Resource Relation
- Archibald M. Crossley Papers., undated, 1926-2002.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- AAPOR
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Abbott Kimball Co., Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Advertising Research Foundation
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Agricultural Marketing Service
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Ahrens Publishing Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Albert Frank Guether Law, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Al Paul Lefton, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- American Airlines
American Association for Public Opinion Research
http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6dn8m11
View
associatedWith
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- American Association for Public Opinion Research
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- American Friends Service Committee
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- American Gas Association
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- American Heritage Foundation
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- American Marketing Association
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- American Medical Association
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- American Nurses' Association
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- American Textile Co., Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- American Transit Association
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Anderson, Davis, and Hyde, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Anderson, Davis and Platte, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Antony Gibbs and Co., Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- ArchCross Associates, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Archibald Crossley
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Armour and Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Armstrong Cork Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Association of National Advertisers
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Association of National Advertisers, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Atlanta Gas Light Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Bethlehem Steel Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Borden Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Brand Index Corp.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Bridgeport Brass Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- British Export Trade Research Organization
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Broadcast Advertising Bureau, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Brock, William E.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Burlington Mills
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Campbell Soup Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- C.B.S.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Cecil and Presby, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- C.E. Hooper, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Celanese Corporation of America
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Charles E. Roll
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Chase National Bank
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Cheney Brothers
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Congoleum-Nairn, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Connecticut Light and Power
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Continental Can Co., Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Crossley, Archibald M.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Crossley, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Crossley SD, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Crossley SD Surveys, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Crowell-Collier Publishing Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Crowell Publishing Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Cunningham and Walsh, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Curtis Publishing Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- C-Z Chemical Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Davenport Hosiery Mills, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Democratic National Committee
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Dole Corp.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Doremus and Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Duane Jones Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Economic Research Service
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Edward Bernays
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Edward L. Bernays
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Elmo Roper and Associates
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Esso Standard Oil Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- F. and M. Schaefer Brewing Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Fawcett Publications, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Federal Security Agency
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Federal Trade Commission
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Fish and Wildlife Service
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Foote, Cone and Belding
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Frozen Food Products, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Fuller, Smith and Ross
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Gallup Organization, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Gallup Poll
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- General Electric
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- General Electric Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- General Foods Corp.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- General Motors
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- George Gallup
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Geyer Newell and Ganger, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Gorham Manufacturing Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Grove Laboratories, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Gulf Brewing Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Hall Brothers, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Hamilton Watch Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- H.B. Humphrey Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Hearst Corp.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Helen M. Crossley
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Hill, Blackett and Company
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Hoover Institution
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Ingersoll-Waterbury Clock Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Institute for World Order
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Institute of Public Relations, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Intercontinent Corp.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- International Broadcasting Co. Limited
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- International Peace Academy
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Irving Trust Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Italian Line
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Jack Tinker & Partners, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- James Lees and Sons Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- J.B. Ford Sales Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- J.D. Thrasher and Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Jell-O
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- J.G. White Engineering Corp.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- J.M. Mathes, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- J. Walter Thompson Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Kaplan and Bruck
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- King Features
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Kirsten Pipes
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Koppers Co., Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- L. B. Johnson
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Lehn and Fink, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Lennen and Mitchell, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Liberty Magazine , Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Lunt Silversmiths
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Lyn Baker Advertising
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Magazine Audience Group
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Marketing Research Council
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Market Research Corporation of America
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Marlboro Toy Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Marschalk and Pratt Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- McCall Corp.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- McCann Erickson, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- McFadden Publications, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- McGraw Hill Publishing Co., Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Melnor Industries
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Meredith Publishing Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Middletowns, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Mobil Gas
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Mutual Broadcasting System
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- National and Columbia Broadcasting Systems
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- National Association of Broadcasters
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- National Carbon Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- National Cash Register Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- National Collegiate Athletic Association
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- National Conference of Athletic Directors
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- National Council on Political Polls
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- National Peace Academy
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- National Research Organization
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- National Standard Parts Association
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- N.W. Ayer and Son, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Office of Price Administration
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Office of War Information
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Oshry, Harold G>
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Our World Publishing Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Pabst Blue Ribbon Beer Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Pacific Mills
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Parents' Institute, Inc.
Passenger Service Improvement Corporation of Philadelphia
http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6dv6ctr
View
associatedWith
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Passenger Service Improvement Corporation of Philadelphia
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Pepsi-Cola Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Political Surveys and Analyses, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Post Publishing Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Princeton University
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Process Development Corp.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Procter and Gamble
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Procter and Gamble Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Public Health Service
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Public Opinion Survey, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Radio-Graph Corporation
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- R.B. Davis
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Reach, Yates, and Mattoon, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Reader Mail, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Reader's Digest Association, Inc.
Realty Advisory Board on Labor Relations, Inc.
http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6dq05hk
View
associatedWith
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Realty Advisory Board on Labor Relations, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Reed and Barton Silversmiths
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Reiss Advertising
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Research Council, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Reuben H. Donnelly Corp.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Richard Baxter
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- R.J. Reynolds Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Rockefeller, Nelson Aldrich
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Roper Public Opinion Research Center
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Schlitz Brewing Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Snowdrift Co., Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Social Science Research Council
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- SOCONY
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Spool Cotton Company
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Standard Brands, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Standard Oil Company of New York
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- State Farm Mutual Auto Insurance Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Sterling Silversmiths Guild of America
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Stewart Dougall & Associates, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Street and Smith Publications, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Textron, Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- The Psychological Corp.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Time , Inc.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- United Nations
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- United States Brewers' Foundation
United States Bureau of International Commerce
http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w62d4gnd
View
correspondedWith
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- United States Bureau of International Commerce
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- United States Chamber of Commerce
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Vicks Chemical Co.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- War Production Board
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- W.D. Hoard and Sons Co. Publishers
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- Western Gateway Broadcasting Corp.
Citation
- Constellation Relation
- W.T. Grant Co.
Citation
- Place
- Marocco, Africa
Marocco, Africa
Parsed from SNAC EAC-CPF.
Citation
- Place
- Tangier, Morocco
Tangier, Morocco
Parsed from SNAC EAC-CPF.
<conventionDeclaration><citation>VIAF</citation></conventionDeclaration>
Citation
- Convention Declaration
- Convention Declaration 219