Shelburne, William Petty Fitzmaurice, 2nd Earl, 1737-1805
Name Entries
person
Shelburne, William Petty Fitzmaurice, 2nd Earl, 1737-1805
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Surname :
Shelburne
Forename :
William Petty Fitzmaurice
NameAddition :
2nd Earl
Date :
1737-1805
eng
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rda
Lansdowne, William Petty, 1st marquis of, 1737-1805
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Name :
Lansdowne, William Petty, 1st marquis of, 1737-1805
Lord Shelburne.
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Name :
Lord Shelburne.
Ld. Shelburne
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Ld. Shelburne
Ld. Shelburne's
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Ld. Shelburne's
Lord Lansdowne
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Lord Lansdowne
Lord Lansdowne
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Name :
Lord Lansdowne
Marq. of Lansdowne
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Name :
Marq. of Lansdowne
Marquis of Lansdowne
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Name :
Marquis of Lansdowne
Earl of Shelburne
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Name :
Earl of Shelburne
Shelburne, Earl,
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Shelburne, Earl,
Shelburne, Earl of
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Shelburne, Earl of
Shelburne, Earl of.
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Shelburne, Earl of.
Shelburne, Lord
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Shelburne, Lord
Shelburne, Lord
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Name :
Shelburne, Lord
Shelburne, William Petty, 2nd Earl, 1737-1805
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Name :
Shelburne, William Petty, 2nd Earl, 1737-1805
Shelburne, William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne, 1737-1805
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Name :
Shelburne, William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne, 1737-1805
Shelburne, William Petty, Earl of, 1737-1805
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Name :
Shelburne, William Petty, Earl of, 1737-1805
Shelburne, William Petty, 2nd Earl Of
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Name :
Shelburne, William Petty, 2nd Earl Of
Shelburne, William Petty Fitzmaurice, (Earl of), 1737-1805.
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Name :
Shelburne, William Petty Fitzmaurice, (Earl of), 1737-1805.
Shelburne, William Petty, earl of
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Name :
Shelburne, William Petty, earl of
Shelburne, William Petty Fitzmaurice, 2nd Earl, 1737-1805
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Name :
Shelburne, William Petty Fitzmaurice, 2nd Earl, 1737-1805
Landsdown, William Petty Shelbourne, Marquis of, 1737-1805.
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Name :
Landsdown, William Petty Shelbourne, Marquis of, 1737-1805.
Lansdowne, William Petty, Marquis of, 1737-1805
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Name :
Lansdowne, William Petty, Marquis of, 1737-1805
Petty FitzMaurice, William
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Name :
Petty FitzMaurice, William
Genders
Male
Exist Dates
Biographical History
British politician. Born William Fitzmaurice, assumed surname Petty in 1751, succeeded his father as Earl of Shelburne 1761, created Marquis of Lansdowne 1784. Worked in the House of Lords to repeal the Stamp Act and continued to pursue a conciliatory policy toward the American colonies, though opposed to their independence. He became prime minister in 1782, directed peace negotiations with the United States, France, and Spain, and resigned from office shortly thereafter.
William Petty, 1st Marquis of Lansdowne, 2nd Earl of Shelburne (1737--1805), hereafter referred to as Shelburne, was born in Dublin, Ireland, to John Fitzmaurice Petty (1706-1761) and Mary Fitzmaurice (d 1780). He served with distinction in Germany during the Seven Years War, achieving the rank of colonel and in 1760, he became King George's aide-de-camp. Later that year he took over his family's seat in Parliament representing Chipping Wycombe. After his father's death in May 1761, he entered the House of Lords as Baron Wycombe, second earl of Shelburne. During his tenure in the House of Lords, Shelburne served as first lord of the Board of Trade (1763), as secretary of state for the Southern Department, as home secretary under Rockingham (March-July 1782), and as prime minister (1782-1783). As an official dealing with American affairs, a stockholder in the East India Company, and a landowner in Ireland, Shelburne was involved in many of the major issues affecting the British Empire in the mid-eighteenth century.
Though shrewd and ambitious, Shelburne frequently allied himself with unpopular politicians, such as John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, and William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, and often found himself in the opposition party. Shelburne also advocated for controversial policies such as free trade, religious tolerance, and parliamentary and fiscal reforms, which contributed to his unpopularity. In 1763, Shelburne became first lord of the Board of Trade and played an important role in drafting the regulations for England's newly acquired empire in North America. He opposed the Stamp Act and supported its repeal. As secretary of state for the Southern Department during the Chatham administration (1766-1768), he oversaw America, India, and Ireland, and had diplomatic responsibilities to France, Spain, and other southern European countries. He was at odds with many of his colleagues, particularly for wanting to avoid tax increases for America. After resigning from the office, he spent the next 14 years as a leader of the opposition party and as an outspoken opponent of the war with America. In March 1782, Shelburne accepted the appointment of Home Secretary under Rockingham. Upon Rockingham's death in July 1782, Shelburne became prime minister, and directed the peace negotiations with the American commissioners that resulted in the controversial 1783 Treaty of Paris. Parliament disapproved of the treaty's terms and, in March 1783, Shelburne resigned, making way for the North-Fox coalition.
After the end of his political career, Shelburne remained well informed on international affairs, commissioning reports on Europe and other foreign powers' finances and military forces. He amassed a sizable collection of books, pamphlets, and manuscripts, maps, prints, statues, and other material related to art, science, and politics. He associated with, and was a patron of, many of the most learned men of his time, including Benjamin Franklin, André Morellet, Joseph Priestley, Adam Smith, and Jeremy Bentham.
Shelburne married twice, first in 1765 to Lady Sophia Carteret (1745-1771) and then to Lady Louisa Fitzpatrick (1755-1789) in 1779. He was created marquis in 1784, assuming the title of 1st Marquis of Lansdowne. He died in 1805 and was succeeded by his son John, 2nd Marquis of Lansdowne (1765-1809).
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External Related CPF
https://viaf.org/viaf/47520916
https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n87912182
https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87912182
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q312573
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eng
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Subjects
Admiralty
American loyalists
Anglo
Cherokee Indians
Choctaw Indians
Cotton
Creek Indians
Currency question
Diplomatic and consular service, British
Fisheries
Indians of North America
Indians of North America
Indians of North America
Indians of North America
Indians of North America
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Indians of North America
Indigenous peoples
Iroquois Indians
Mastodon
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Privateering
Requisitions, Military
Seven Years' War, 1756-1763
Slave trade
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Tariff Great Britain
Taxation
Treaty of Paris (1763)
Treaty of Utrecht (1713)
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Britons
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<conventionDeclaration><citation>VIAF</citation></conventionDeclaration>