Monroe, James, 1758-1831
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Monroe, James, 1758-1831
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Monroe
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1758-1831
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Monroe, James, 1758-1831
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Monroe, Jas. (James), 1758-1831
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Monro, Dzhems, 1758-1831
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Biographical History
Epithet: US President
Epithet: of Add MS 34457
John Marshall (1755-1835) was born near Germantown, Prince William (currently Fauquier) County, Virginia on 24 September 1755 to parents Thomas Marshall and Mary Randolph Keith. From 1775-1781, Marshall served in the Continental Army and fought in the Revolutionary War. During the spring and summer of 1780, Marshall attended classes at the College of William and Mary and received his license to practice law. After the war, he moved to Richmond, Virginia and began his practice. Marshall married Mary Willis Ambler in 1783. The couple had ten children, six of whom survived to adulthood. He was elected as a delegate to the Virginia House of Delegates in 1780 and 1782-1788. Later, he was appointed by President John Adams to a special commission to France from 1797-1798. The commission, which brought about the famous XYZ affair, failed to settle existing differences between France and the U.S. From 1799-1800, Marshall served as a Federalist representative in the 6th United States Congress. He did not serve out his term however, as he was appointed by Adams to serve as U.S. Secretary of State from 1800-1801. Later, Marshall received yet another appointment from Adams this time to the bench as the fourth chief justice of the Supreme Court. He was confirmed by the Senate on 27 January 1801 and served until his death on 6 July 1835. In addition to hearing 1,215 cases and authoring 514 opinions, Marshall also wrote, The Life of George Washington, a book in 5 volumes. Marshall was buried in New Burying Ground, Richmond, Virginia.
Monroe served as Secretary of War, 1 January-5 February 1813, and 27 September 1814-14 March 1815.
Monroe owned Oak Hill Plantation, Loudoun County, Va., jointly with Joseph Jones, inheriting Jones' share after 1808; he retired and lived there between 23 March 1825 and November 1830.
U.S. president, secretary of state, secretary of war, and diplomat; delegate to the Continental Congress from and governor of Virginia.
Monroe served as minister to France, 28 May 1794-22 August 1796.
James Monroe, fifth President of the United States. In 1804 he was serving as U.S. minister to France, Spain and England.
Monroe was elected 4 December 1816 and served two terms, 4 March 1817-3 March 1825.
Monroe's daughter, Eliza, married George Hay in 1808; Hortensia Hay is their daughter.
Soldier, lawyer, politician, and fifth president of the United States.
Monroe was a student at the College of William and Mary, 1774- 1776; he was on active military duty in the American Revolution, 24 June 1776-30 May 1779.
Monroe, 5th U.S. president, served 1817-1825.
James Monroe was a U.S. Senator from Virginia (1790-1794), Governor of Virginia (1799-1802, 1811), U.S. Secretary of State (1811-1817), and fifth President of the United States (1817-1825).
Appointed minister to Russia in 1809, John Quincy Adams served until his appointment as secretary of state in 1817. Adams became a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1818 and was elected the 6th President of the United States in 1825. He served one term.
Monroe served as minister to England, 18 April 1803-29 October 1807, and to Spain, 12 January-12 July 1803.
Architects of "Oak Hill."
Monroe was an American politician. He served as Governor of Virginia, 1799-1802 and President of the United States (1817-1825). -- Johnnston was Governor of North Carolina (1787-1789) and U.S. Senator from North Carolina (1793-1799). -- Isaac Coles, an American stateman from Virginia, served in the U.S. House of Representatives (1789-1791).
Monroe was elected governor of Virginia, 6 December 1799-1802, and again in January 1811 (until he was appointed U.S. Secretary of State in April).
James Monroe (1758-1831) was the fifth President of the United States, from 1817-1825. Prior to his election, he served in the Madison administration as Secretary of State (1811-1817) and Secretary of War (1814-1815). Important events during his presidency included the Missouri Compromise and the acquisition of Florida. He was also known for developing the Monroe Doctrine, which opposed further European intervention in the Americas.
Governor of Virginia, and President of the United States.
Fifth president of the United States.
U.S. president.
Governor of Virginia, 1799-1802, 1811.
Fourth president of the United States.
Ezekiel Gowen (surname also found a Gowin or Gowing) probably from Shirley, Mass.; served with Bailey's Thirty-fourth Infantry Regiment (known as Bailey's Regiment) during the War of 1812 and also with the Massachusetts Continental Line during the Revolutionary War. He received bounty land warrants for his service in both wars. The War of 1812 bounty lands were in Illinois and many of the receipients did not locate on the land.
Monroe was a Virginia lawyer, legislator, U.S. senator (1790-1794), governor of Virginia (1799-1802, 1811), diplomat, U.S. secretary of state, and U.S. president (1817-1825).
James Monroe, fifth president of the United States of America (1817-1825), was born in Westmoreland County, Virginia. He fought with distinction in the Continental Army, and he practiced law in Fredericksburg, V.A. As a young politician, he joined the anti-Federalists in the Virginia Convention which ratified the Constitution, and in 1790, an advocate of Jeffersonian policies, he was elected United States Senator. As Minister to France in 1794-1796, Monroe showed strong sympathies for the French cause; and later, with Robert R. Livingston, he helped negotiate the Louisiana Purchase. His ambition and energy, together with the backing of President Madison, made him the Republican choice for the Presidency in 1816; and with little Federalist opposition, he also won re-election in 1820.
Monroe served as U.S. Secretary of State, 2 April 1811-3 March 1817.
Fifth president of the U.S.; here serving as minister plenipotentiary to France.
President of the United States, 1817-1825.
James Monroe (1758-1831) was a soldier, statesman and the fifth President of the United States.
President of the United States.
Fifth president of the United States and governor of Virginia.
Handwritten and printed land titled, dated 15 July 1802, and signed by Monroe. The item grants 133 acres of land in Wood County, Virginia.
Fifth President of the United States, Lawyer.
James Monroe was born in Westmoreland Country, Virginia, on April 28, 1758. A combat veteran of the American Revolution, he studied law with Thomas Jefferson. After serving in the Virginia legislature, Monroe began in 1783 a three-year term in the Confederation Congress. On February 16, 1786, he married Elizabeth Kortright. As a United States senator, 1790-1794, he opposed George Washington and the Federalists, but was still appointed ambassador.
To France, 1794-1796, until an angry President Washington recalled him for opposing the Jay Treaty. He returned to Virginia as governor, 1799-1802; then, as a delegate for President Jefferson in 1803, he helped negotiate the Louisiana Purchase. Monroe ascended to the presidency in 1817 and was almost unanimously voted a second term in 1820. A popular president in a peaceful time, his administration came to be called "the era of good feeling." Among the notable events of his presidency.
Were gaining Florida from Spain in 1818; he settled fishing-rights disputes in Newfoundland and Labrador; and in 1823, the "Monroe Doctrine, " proclaiming American hostility to any further European colonization or interference in the Americas. The activities of his later years included serving as regent of the University of Virginia, 1826-1830. His years of public service left him so poor that he had to spend the last months of his life with his daughter in New York City, where he died on July 4, 1831.
MONROE, James, (nephew of Joseph Jones and uncle of James Monroe [1799-1870]), a Delegate and a Senator from Virginia and 5th President of the United States; born in Westmoreland County, Va., April 28, 1758; pursued classical studies; attended William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Va., in 1776 and left to enter the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War; appointed a lieutenant in the Third Virginia Regiment, participated in numerous engagements, and was severely wounded in the Battle of Trenton; rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel; member, State assembly 1782; Member of the Continental Congress 1783-1786; resumed the study of law; admitted to the bar and engaged in practice in Fredericksburg, Va.; member, State assembly 1786; delegate to the State convention to consider the Federal Constitution in 1788; unsuccessful candidate for election to the First Congress; elected to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of William Grayson; reelected in 1791 and served from November 9, 1790, until his resignation May 27, 1794; appointed by President George Washington as Minister Plenipotentiary to France 1794-1796; Governor of Virginia 1799-1802; appointed by President Thomas Jefferson as Minister Plenipotentiary to France in 1803, and Minister Plenipotentiary to England 1803-1807, and during this period headed a diplomatic mission to Spain; returned home in 1808; member, State assembly 1810-1811; Governor of Virginia 1811; appointed Secretary of State in the Cabinet of President James Madison and served from 1811 to 1817; also served as Secretary of War 1814-1815; elected in 1816 and reelected in 1820 as President of the United States and served from March 4, 1817, to March 3, 1825; retired to his farm in Loudoun County, Va.; member and president of the Virginia constitutional convention of 1829; moved to New York City in 1831, and died there July 4, 1831; interment in Marble Cemetery on Second Street, New York City; reinterred in Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, Va., July 4, 1858. (from Bio. Con. Dir.) (blue index cards)
http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000858
Biographical Note
José Francisco Correia da Serra (1750–1823, APS 1812) was an abbot, diplomat, scholar and botanist. In his work as a botanist he was particularly concerned with the systematic classification of vegetable species. Thomas Jefferson described him as “profoundly learned in several branches of science he was so above all others in that of Botany; in which he preferred an amalgamation of the methods of Linnaeus [1707-1778, APS 1769] and of Jussieu [1686-1758] to either of them exclusively.” Correia spent many years of his life in France, England and the United States where he made the acquaintance of leading European and American intellectual leaders of the time.
Correia was born in Serpa, Portugal, to the physician and lawyer Luis Dias Correia and Francisca Luisa da Serra. In 1756 the family was forced to leave Portugal because the elder Correia’s scientific work had incurred the displeasure of the Holy Office. They settled in Naples, Italy, where the boy came under the tutelage of the abbé and university professor of “Commerce and mechanics” Antonio Genovesi (1712-1769), a major force in the Neapolitan Enlightenment. During this time Correia was also taught in natural history by the botanist Luis Antonio Verney (1713-1792). In 1772 Correia moved to Rome where he studied at the University and other institutions. By that time he was already corresponding with Carl Linnaeus, in Latin. He also made the acquaintance of Don John Carlos of Braganza, second Duke of Lafoens, a member of the Portuguese royal family. The Duke became Correia’s friend and patron.
In 1775 Correia was ordained a Presbyterian abbot; two years later he received the degree of Doctor of Laws. However, it was clear that Correia’s real interest was natural history, especially botany, and that he did not plan to pursue a life in the church. In fact, some of his biographers have suggested that he focused on ecclesiastical studies mainly in order to protect himself in his scientific work from potential suspicions by the Inquisition. Whatever the case, in early 1778 the young abbé, with encouragement from the duke, who hoped to encourage scientific research in Portugal, moved to Lisbon. There he turned his attention to scholarly pursuits and diplomacy.
Correia and the duke set out right away to organize the Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon, a learned institution that was dedicated to the advancement of science. Correia also conducted botanical research. He spent the period from 1786 to about 1788 outside of Portugal, and while his activities during this period remain unclear, there is evidence that he visited Rome. In the mid-1790s, after his return to his native country, he began the task of editing what would be the first three of five volumes of Colleccao de livros ineditos da historia Portugueza, an extensive collection of documents.
In 1795 political difficulties compelled Correia to leave Portugal. The Royal Academy and many of its members were viewed with suspicion by certain ecclesiastical groups, especially after Correia befriended the French naturalist and Girondist Peter Marie Auguste Broussonet (1761-1807), who had taken refuge in Portugal. Armed with letters of introduction to several British scientists, Correia traveled to London. He soon became the protégé of Sir Joseph Banks (1743-1820, APS 1787), president of the Royal Society, who facilitated Correia’s election to the Society. He also was welcomed by James Edward Smith (1759-1828, APS 1796), president of the Linnean Society. By then, Correia was already publishing on various natural science topics, especially botany, which contributed to his growing reputation as a naturalist.
For about one year during his residence in London, Correia also served as Secretary to the Portuguese embassy. However, tensions with the conservative Minister compelled him to depart from England in 1802. In the summer of that year, Correia moved to Paris. There he made the acquaintance of leading scientists and other public figures. The list includes Pierre Samuel Du Pont de Nemours (1739–1817, APS 1800), the Marquis de Lafayette (1757-1834, APS 1781), Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859, APS 1804), the French naturalist Georges Cuvier (1769-1832), Augustin Pyrame de Candolle (1778-1841, APS 1841), and André Thouin (1746-1824), superintendent of the Jardin du Roi, now known as Jardin des Plantes, in Paris. Correia also met Esther Delavigne, who eventually became his lover.
Of particular importance to Correia was his extensive correspondence with friends in Portugal that he maintained throughout his time in London, Paris and then the United States. Through his contact with them he hoped to bring the latest scientific ideas and discoveries to his mother country. His letters are filled with news of new vaccines, maritime maps, instruments, and anything else that he thought might serve to aid the progress of Portugal. Correia’s wide-ranging contacts with fellow botanists made him an important intermediary in the exchanges between naturalists in different parts of the world. In 1807 his own government recognized his contributions by making him a Knight of the Order of Christ.
Overall, Correia’s time in Paris was happy and fruitful. However, life as a liberal under Napoleon was not easy, and Correia soon began to explore the possibility of relocating once again, this time to the United States. Finally, in the winter of 1811, the abbé was aboard the U.S.S. Constitution, on his way to what would become a particularly interesting period in his life.
Correia arrived in Washington, D. C., in early 1812, and he did not lose time in making the acquaintance of leading Americans, including President James Madison. He was anxious to visit Thomas Jefferson but owing to the fact that Philadelphia was the intellectual center of the new nation, he decided to establish himself there first. His European friends had already announced Correia’s imminent arrival to several prominent Philadelphians, including the physicians Benjamin Rush (1745-1813, APS 1768) and Caspar Wistar (1761-1818, APS 1787), and John Vaughan (1756–1841, APS 1784), the treasurer and librarian of the American Philosophical Society. The abbé was elected a member of the Society in January of 1812, before his arrival in the city. He became close friends with Vaughan who soon handled his business affairs and advised him in all kinds of matters. Correia also got to know the botanist Henry Muhlenberg (1753-1815, APS 1785), who introduced him to the physician and botanist Jacob Bigelow (1787-1879, APS 1818). And he reconnected with several Philadelphians he knew from his time in Paris, including the lawyer and financier Nicholas Biddle (1786-1844, APS 1813), and William Short (1759-1849, APS 1804), Jefferson’s private secretary in Paris. Life in Philadelphia was clearly enjoyable for the Portuguese exile but he remained anxious to visit “the great the truly great Mr. Jefferson.” In July of 1813 he left for Virginia for the first of what would eventually be seven visits over a period of about eight years.
Jefferson had been introduced to Correia in glowing letters from Lafayette, Du Pont, Thouin, and Humboldt. It is not surprising, then, that Jefferson received the visitor with warmth and great expectations. They were not disappointed. Jefferson described his guest as “the best digest of science in books, men, and things that I have ever met with; and with these the most amiable and engaging character.” The room in which Correia stayed during his visits to Monticello, the North Square Room, is still known as the Abbé’s room. Correia spent much of his time in Virginia on rambles through the country, often in the company of Thomas Mann Randolph (1768-1828, APS 1794). His interest in natural history eventually also took him to Kentucky, Georgia and north to the Canadian border.
Through Jefferson, Correia made the acquaintance of Francis Walker Gilmer (1790-1826), a promising young man who readily accepted the abbé’s invitation to accompany him on his excursions. In 1816 President Madison asked the two men to deliver a letter from him to the agent of the Cherokee, in the southeastern United States. In the course of their journey through South Carolina and Georgia, they made extensive botanical notations, and Gilmer also recorded several pages of Cherokee vocabulary.
In 1816 Correia received news of his appointment as Portuguese minister-plenipotentiary at Washington, D. C. His expectation that this post would not interfere with his scientific pursuits turned out to be mistaken, even though he never spent more than half a year in the nation’s capital. From the start he was forced to deal with complaints about privateers flying foreign flags who were threatening the Portuguese colonies in South America. The fear was that these privateers, many of whom were American, could encourage and aid a rebellion in Brazil. Correia successfully lobbied the U. S. government for a Neutrality Act that was designed to curb these actions.
In the late 1810s, increasing worries about the turn of Portuguese-American affairs and serious health problems gradually made the abbé’s temper shorter and his spirits lower. He also ultimately became a severe critic of America and Americans, an attitude that contributed to his estrangement from some of his older American friends. However, he also found comfort in new relationships with, for example, the English-born chemist and lawyer Thomas Cooper (1759-1839, APS 1802). Most significantly, Edward Joseph, his fifteen-year old son with his lover Esther Delavigne arrived in the United States from Paris in 1818. Edward, who stayed with his father until their return to Europe, got to know many of his Philadelphia friends quite well. In 1820 father and son sailed from the United States for Portugal via London, a year after Correia had learned of his appointment as Counselor of State for Brazil. Correia spent the last three years of his life in Lisbon, “covered with honors,” as his son Edward wrote in a letter to John Vaughan. He died in Lisbon in 1823.
Correia published many essays and reports on botany in the leading European and American scientific journals of his time. His research centered on the systematic classification of vegetable species. In his work he attempted to apply the methods of compared anatomy of zoology to botany; he sought to group plants into families based on their similarities. His concept of symmetry was later adopted and developed by Candolle. While Correia was not “a member of every philosophical society in the world,” as his young protégé Gilmer wrote enthusiastically in a letter to his brother, he did belong to numerous learned societies. They included the Royal Society, the Linnean Society, the Academy of Science of Paris, and the Société Philomatique. He also offered several courses in botany at the American Philosophical Society.
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AssociatedPlace
France
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Virginia
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Rockingham County (Va.)
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Oak Hill Plantation (Loudoun County, Va. : Estate)
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Australia, Australia
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Washington (D.C.)
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Milton (Va.)
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Louisiana
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
France
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Spain
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Virginia
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Florida
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Bengal, Asia
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Florida
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Virginia
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Virginia--Henrico County
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Tennessee
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Lisbon, Portugal
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
France
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Manchester, Lancashire
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Paiwar Kotal, Afghanistan
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Virginia
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Illinois
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Albemarle County (Va.)
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Washington (D.C.)
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
James River (Va.)
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Greece
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Florida
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
France
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Virginia
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
France
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Virginia
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Virginia
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Virginia
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Ohio
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
France
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Virginia
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Virginia--Albemarle County
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Richmond (Va.)
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States of America
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Virginia--Rockingham County
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
France
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States Foreign relations 1809-1817
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
South America
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Spain
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Troy (N.Y.)
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Russia
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
China, Asia
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Loudoun County (Va.)
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Virginia
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Henrico County (Va.)
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Virginia
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Virginia
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Virginia
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
South America
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Virginia--Fredericksburg
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Rio de la Plata (Argentina and Uruguay)
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Virginia
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Paris (France)
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Virginia
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Valley Forge (Pa.)
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Virginia
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Virginia
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Tennessee
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Illinois Territory
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Wythe County (Va.)
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Missouri
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Spain
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Cuba
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Spain
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Connecticut
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
United States
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Virginia
as recorded (not vetted)
AssociatedPlace
Convention Declarations
<conventionDeclaration><citation>VIAF</citation></conventionDeclaration>