ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives

Administrative History

In the early 1960s, as social change accelerated across the U.S., progressive clergymen increasingly took to the streets to minister to marginalized persons. The Rev. Ted McIlvenna, who worked for the Glide Urban Center, a private Methodist foundation in downtown San Francisco, witnessed the oppression and violence homosexuals faced, and to improve the situation sought a dialogue between clergy and homosexuals. With the support of the Methodist church, McIlvenna convened the Mill Valley Conference from May 31 to June 2, 1964, at which sixteen Methodist, Protestant Episcopal, United Church of Christ, and Lutheran clergymen met with thirteen leaders of the homosexual community. Following the initial meeting, the participants began plans for a new organization that would educate religious communities about gay and lesbian issues as well as enlist religious leaders to advocate for homosexual concerns. In July 1964, the participants, along with several other clergymen and homosexual activists, met and formed the Council on Religion and the Homosexual (CRH), which was incorporated in December of that year. The CRH was the first group in the U.S. to use the word "homosexual" in its name. This coalition of clergy-almost all heterosexual-and homosexual leaders proved to be mutually beneficial: homosexual leaders received the "cloak of the cloth" to sanction their activities, while clergy expanded their sphere of social justice ministry.

Within a month of its incorporation, the CRH was the focal point of an event many historians consider an important turning point in San Francisco's GLBT history. To raise money for the CRH, other homophile groups planned a costume ball to be held on New Year's Day, 1965. When the 600 ticket holders arrived for the event, many dressed in drag, they were greeted by scores of uniformed and undercover police, who took photographs of them and harassed them on their way into the ball. When the police demanded entrance to the event, they were blocked by CRH lawyers; the police then arrested three lawyers and a ticket taker. The following day, the (heterosexual) clergymen on the CRH held a press conference, severely criticizing the San Francisco Police Department. The mayor and a city judge sided with the CRH, and the police were humbled into an apology. This event is considered an important turning point in San Francisco's GLBT history in that it brought the city's GLBT communities together and inaugurated a new phase of gay organizing.

In June of 1965, the CRH published A Brief of Injustices: An Indictment of Our Society in Its Treatment of the Homosexual to implement the challenge of change. It also sponsored several symposia, including a "consultation" in August 1966, and the "Symposium on the Life and Style of the Homosexual", in October 1968. The CRH was especially active in the political arena, supporting gay organizations candidates' nights, where audiences repeatedly demanded that San Francisco politicians endorse a civilian police review board. The CRH also supported formation of Citizens Alert, a 24-hour hotline that provided lawyers, photographers, and other assistance to victims of brutality. Four years before the Stonewall riots in New York City, usually cited as the birth of the Gay Liberation Movement, the police had greatly curtailed harassment of gay bars in San Francisco and had begun meeting with homosexual groups. The CRH added credibility to the plight of the GLBT community, giving it a voice with the media and the establishments of societal authority. Throughout the 1967-68 local elections, the CRH held candidates' nights and endorsed gay-friendly candidates. The CRH was instrumental in the creation of the Southern California Council on Religion and the Homophile in 1965, and its success led to the formation of organizations with identical names in other cities, including Boston, Milwaukee, Washington, DC, and Winnipeg, Canada.

The CRH helped immensely to bring the plight of the GLBT community into public view in the 1960s and to foster dialogue within mainline Protestant churches. It was instrumental in ending harassment by police and in bringing about legal reform. However, it made much greater strides in the political/legal arena and in society at large than in the churches it represented. In fact, the failure of the mainstream churches to progress quickly enough led to the founding of a new church to minister specifically to the GLBT community, the Metropolitan Community Church (MCC), in Los Angeles in October 1968. Although the CRH continued its activities through the 1970s and into the 1980s, by the early 1970s it had been overtaken by more activist religious organizations such as the MCC and Dignity, whose more aggressive stand appealed more to the Gay Liberation generation of the GLBT community.

Sources:

Council on Religion and the Homosexual, CRH: 1964/1968, Essays on Homosexuality, 3 (1968).

McAdams, Kathleen A., "The San Francisco Council on Religion and the Homosexual", OASIS CALIFORNIA, The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Ministry of the Episcopal Diocese of California, http://www.oasiscalifornia.org/history/San Francisco Council on Religion and the Homosexual .html (accessed November 11, 2008).

Exhibit: The Council on Religion and the Homosexual, LGBT Religious Archives Network, http://www.lgbtran.org/Exhibits/CRH/Exhibit.aspx (accessed November 11, 2008).

Historical Note

The Laughing Policeman was a 1973 police thriller about a mass-murderer with a secret gay identity. Gay and lesbian rights activists in San Francisco formed an ad hoc group which organized protests and demonstrations against the movie and its depiction of gay culture.

Biography

David Randolph Hurles was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, at the end of World War II. By his teen years he recognized his attraction to the neighborhood bullies and toughs. By the mid-1960s he was working for H. Lynn Womack at Guild Press, in Washington, D.C. In 1968, Hal Call, who ran San Francisco's notorious Adonis Book Store, persuaded Hurles to appear before the camera. His skill before the camera and easygoing personality led Call to rent Hurles a room and employ him. Hurles worked as a model, book store employee, and later as an office manager in Los Angeles. While in Los Angeles, Hurles gained experience behind the camera with Ken Albert, and was introduced to a few models. In 1975, with funds obtained from Womack, Hurles formed the Old Reliable Tape and Picture Company, specializing at first in audio tapes and still photography, and later in video tapes of street boys, tough guys, and "rough trade," men, typically working class laborers and hustlers, who did not want their masculinity or sexuality questioned, but would appear before the camera.

Sources:

Rex, text editor. Speeding: The Old Reliable photos of David Hurles> . San Francisco: Green Candy Press, 2005.

Sears, James T. Behind the Mask of the Mattachine: The Hal Call Chronicles and the Early Movement for Homosexual Emancipation . New York: Harrington Park Press, 2006.

Historical Note

Queer Frontiers was an annual national graduate student conference for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) scholars, activists, and artists. The fifth annual Queer Frontiers was held at the University of Southern California in 1995.

Administrative History

To be supplied later.