Chodowiecki, Daniel, 1726-1801.
Chodowiecki, Daniel Nikolaus, 1726-1801
Chodowiecki, Daniel Mikołaj (1726-1801)
Chodowiecki, Daniel Mikołaj
Daniel Chodowiecki
Chodowiecki, Daniel
Chodowiecki, Daniel Nikolaus (German painter and printmaker, 1726-1801)
Chodowiecki, fl. 17__
CHODOWIECKI, DANIEL NICOLAS (1726–1801), German painter and engraver of Polish descent, was born at Danzig. Left an orphan at an early age, he devoted himself to the practice of miniature painting, the elements of which his father had taught him, as a means of support for himself and his mother. In 1743 he went to Berlin, where for some time he worked as clerk in an uncle’s office, practising art, however, in his leisure moments, and gaining a sort of reputation as a painter of miniatures for snuff-boxes. The Berlin Academy, attracted by a small engraving of his, entrusted to him the illustration of its yearly almanac. After designing and engraving several subjects from the story of the Seven Years’ War, Chodowiecki produced the famous “History of the Life of Jesus Christ,” a set of admirably painted miniatures, which made him at once so popular that he laid aside all occupations save those of painting and engraving. Few books were published in Prussia for some years without plate or vignette by Chodowiecki. It is not surprising, therefore, that the catalogue of his works (Berlin, 1814) should include over 3000 items, of which, however, the picture of “Jean Calas and his Family” is the only one of any reputation. He became director of the Berlin Academy in 1797. The title of the German Hogarth, which he sometimes obtained, was the effect of an admiration rather imaginative than critical, and was disclaimed by Chodowiecki himself. The illustrator of Lavater’s Essays on Physiognomy, the painter of the “Hunt the Slipper” in the Berlin museum, had indeed but one point in common with the great Englishman—the practice of representing actual life and manners. In this he showed skilful drawing and grouping, and considerable expressional power, but no tendency whatever to the use of the grotesque.
His brother Gottfried (1728–1781) and son Wilhelm (1765–1803) painted and engraved after the style of Daniel, and sometimes co-operated with him.
Daniel Chodowiecki was born on October 16, 1726 in Danzig (Gdańsk) in the Kingdom of Poland and died on February 7, 1801 in Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia.
Daniel Niklaus Chodowiecki (16 October 1726 – 7 February 1801) was a German[1] painter and printmaker with Huguenot and Polish ancestry, who is most famous as an etcher. He spent most of his life in Berlin, and became the director of the Berlin Academy of Art. He was born in the city of Danzig (Gdańsk) in Poland, and in a letter “in typical Berlin humor”[citation needed] wrote, “that he moved to Berlin, Germany, which shows for sure, that he is a 'genuine Pole'.” He kept close to the Huguenot scene, due to his ancestry. His grandfather Bartholomāus Chodowiecki had lived in the 16th century in Greater Poland. Gottfried Chodowiecki, Daniel's father, was a tradesman in Danzig and his mother, Henriette Ayrer born in Switzerland, was a Huguenot. Daniel's grandfather Christian had been a tradesman in the city as well. When his father died, both Daniel (aged 16) and his younger brother Gottfried Chodowiecki went to live with their uncle in Berlin, who offered to educate them, and where Daniel received an artistic training with the painter Haid in Augsburg. His brother also became a painter. He had three daughters, Jeannette (b. 1761, married the French-reformed preacher Jacques Papin), Suzanne (1763–1819) and Henriette (1770–1880). Jeannette's daughter Marianne Chodowiecka Papin (married Gretschel, 1794–1870) and her son Heinrich Papin (1786–1839) also became artists.Soon Daniel was able to earn a living by painting. He was admitted to the Berlin Academy in 1764 and became vice-director under Bernhard Rode in 1788. He had found his true calling and became the most famous German graphic artist of his time. His works includes several thousand etchings, usually rather small, and many drawings and paintings. His book illustrations embrace almost all the great classics. His prints represent in great detail the life of the bourgeoisie during the Zopfstil period, a time between Rococo and Classicism. In 1797 Chodowiecki was appointed director of the Academy of Arts in Berlin, where he died on 7 February 1801. The bulk of his work was in illustrating scientific books by Basedow, Buffon, Lavater, Pestalozzi and others. He also painted many portraits of Polish gentry and was interested in Huguenot and Polish history as well, making some paintings on the topic. He was in tune with the developing spirit of the age, and many works reflect the cult of sensibility, and then the revolutionary and German nationalist feelings of the end of the century.
In printmaking, he is credited with the invention of the deliberate remarque, a small sketch on a plate, lying outside the main image. These were originally little sketches or doodles by artists, not really meant to be seen, but Chodowiecki turned them into "bonus items" for collectors. Chodowiecki, though speaking only French and German (due to his offices in the Huguenot French community in Berlin he often spoke French), many times also declared his Polish allegiance and had his son Isaac Heinrich, born in Berlin, painted as a very young child with a Polish outfit and haircut. After Partitions of Poland Chodowiecki wrote to Gräfin Solms-Laubach: "From father's side I'm Polish, a descendant of a brave nation which will soon vanish". In a letter to Józef Łęcki, the Polish astronomer, he wrote: "I consider it an honour to be a genuine Pole, even though I am now living in Germany". Because of his mother's and his wife's Huguenot descent he was very close to the Huguenots of Berlin. Nearly all his life and career was spent in Germany, writing in German and living in Berlin from the age of almost 17.
One of his most popular books is "Journey from Berlin to Danzig" (German: "Die Reise von Berlin nach Danzig", 1773) with many illustrations. He purchased a horse rather than going by stage coach. This was his first return after 30 years absence and he went specifically to see his elderly mother and sisters in Danzig again. He made only one more trip to Danzig afterwards, to his mother's funeral. He describes and illustrates towns and people in Pomerania and Prussia on the way.
Chodowiecki is buried at the Französischer Friedhof cemetery in Berlin.
References
Chodowiecki Daniel - Encyklopedia PWN
"Jeannette Papin (German, 1761 – 1835) – The Athenaeum". www.the-athenaeum.org. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
Hartmut Boockmann, Ostpreussen und Westpreussen, Siedler 2002, ISBN 3-88680-212-4
Charlotte Steinbrücker: Listy D. Chodowieckiego. Berlin, 1921.
Wolfgang Plat, Die Reise nach Danzig, Mit Daniel Chodowiecki durch Pommern
Source Citation
Name in native language: Daniel Chodowiecki
Date of birth: 16 October 1726 Gdańsk
Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki
Date of death: 7 February 1801 Berlin
Place of burial: Französischer Friedhof, Berlin
Country of citizenship: Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth; Kingdom of Prussia
Occupation: painter, illustrator.graphic artist
Child: Wilhelm Chodowiecki
Country of citizenship: Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth; Kingdom of Prussia
Daniel Niklaus Chodowiecki (16 October 1726 – 7 February 1801) was a German painter and printmaker with Huguenot and Polish ancestry, who is most famous as an etcher. He spent most of his life in Berlin, and became the director of the Berlin Academy of Art. He was born in the city of Danzig (Gdańsk) in Poland, and in a letter “in typical Berlin humor”[citation needed] wrote, “that he moved to Berlin, Germany, which shows for sure, that he is a 'genuine Pole'.” He kept close to the Huguenot scene, due to his ancestry. His grandfather Bartholomāus Chodowiecki had lived in the 16th century in Greater Poland. Gottfried Chodowiecki, Daniel's father, was a tradesman in Danzig and his mother, Henriette Ayrer born in Switzerland, was a Huguenot. Daniel's grandfather Christian had been a tradesman in the city as well. When his father died, both Daniel (aged 16) and his younger brother Gottfried Chodowiecki went to live with their uncle in Berlin, who offered to educate them, and where Daniel received an artistic training with the painter Haid in Augsburg. His brother also became a painter. He had three daughters, Jeannette (b. 1761, married the French-reformed preacher Jacques Papin), Suzanne (1763–1819) and Henriette (1770–1880). Jeannette's daughter Marianne Chodowiecka Papin (married Gretschel, 1794–1870) and her son Heinrich Papin (1786–1839) also became artists.Soon Daniel was able to earn a living by painting. He was admitted to the Berlin Academy in 1764 and became vice-director under Bernhard Rode in 1788. He had found his true calling and became the most famous German graphic artist of his time. His works includes several thousand etchings, usually rather small, and many drawings and paintings. His book illustrations embrace almost all the great classics. His prints represent in great detail the life of the bourgeoisie during the Zopfstil period, a time between Rococo and Classicism. In 1797 Chodowiecki was appointed director of the Academy of Arts in Berlin, where he died on 7 February 1801. The bulk of his work was in illustrating scientific books by Basedow, Buffon, Lavater, Pestalozzi and others. He also painted many portraits of Polish gentry and was interested in Huguenot and Polish history as well, making some paintings on the topic. He was in tune with the developing spirit of the age, and many works reflect the cult of sensibility, and then the revolutionary and German nationalist feelings of the end of the century. In printmaking, he is credited with the invention of the deliberate remarque, a small sketch on a plate, lying outside the main image. These were originally little sketches or doodles by artists, not really meant to be seen, but Chodowiecki turned them into "bonus items" for collectors. Chodowiecki, though speaking only French and German (due to his offices in the Huguenot French community in Berlin he often spoke French), many times also declared his Polish allegiance and had his son Isaac Heinrich, born in Berlin, painted as a very young child with a Polish outfit and haircut. After Partitions of Poland Chodowiecki wrote to Gräfin Solms-Laubach: "From father's side I'm Polish, a descendant of a brave nation which will soon vanish". In a letter to Józef Łęcki, the Polish astronomer, he wrote: "I consider it an honour to be a genuine Pole, even though I am now living in Germany". Because of his mother's and his wife's Huguenot descent he was very close to the Huguenots of Berlin. Nearly all his life and career was spent in Germany, writing in German and living in Berlin from the age of almost 17. One of his most popular books is "Journey from Berlin to Danzig" (German: "Die Reise von Berlin nach Danzig", 1773) with many illustrations. He purchased a horse rather than going by stage coach. This was his first return after 30 years absence and he went specifically to see his elderly mother and sisters in Danzig again. He made only one more trip to Danzig afterwards, to his mother's funeral. He describes and illustrates towns and people in Pomerania and Prussia on the way. Chodowiecki is buried at the Französischer Friedhof cemetery in Berlin.
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Daniel Niklaus Chodowiecki (16 October 1726 – 7 February 1801) was a German[1] painter and printmaker with Huguenot and Polish ancestry, who is most famous as an etcher. He spent most of his life in Berlin, and became the director of the Berlin Academy of Art. He was born in the city of Danzig (Gdańsk) in Poland, and in a letter “in typical Berlin humor”[citation needed] wrote, “that he moved to Berlin, Germany, which shows for sure, that he is a 'genuine Pole'.” He kept close to the Huguenot scene, due to his ancestry. His grandfather Bartholomāus Chodowiecki had lived in the 16th century in Greater Poland. Gottfried Chodowiecki, Daniel's father, was a tradesman in Danzig and his mother, Henriette Ayrer born in Switzerland, was a Huguenot. Daniel's grandfather Christian had been a tradesman in the city as well. When his father died, both Daniel (aged 16) and his younger brother Gottfried Chodowiecki went to live with their uncle in Berlin, who offered to educate them, and where Daniel received an artistic training with the painter Haid in Augsburg. His brother also became a painter. He had three daughters, Jeannette (b. 1761, married the French-reformed preacher Jacques Papin), Suzanne (1763–1819) and Henriette (1770–1880). Jeannette's daughter Marianne Chodowiecka Papin (married Gretschel, 1794–1870) and her son Heinrich Papin (1786–1839) also became artists.Soon Daniel was able to earn a living by painting. He was admitted to the Berlin Academy in 1764 and became vice-director under Bernhard Rode in 1788. He had found his true calling and became the most famous German graphic artist of his time. His works includes several thousand etchings, usually rather small, and many drawings and paintings. His book illustrations embrace almost all the great classics. His prints represent in great detail the life of the bourgeoisie during the Zopfstil period, a time between Rococo and Classicism. In 1797 Chodowiecki was appointed director of the Academy of Arts in Berlin, where he died on 7 February 1801. The bulk of his work was in illustrating scientific books by Basedow, Buffon, Lavater, Pestalozzi and others. He also painted many portraits of Polish gentry and was interested in Huguenot and Polish history as well, making some paintings on the topic. He was in tune with the developing spirit of the age, and many works reflect the cult of sensibility, and then the revolutionary and German nationalist feelings of the end of the century.
In printmaking, he is credited with the invention of the deliberate remarque, a small sketch on a plate, lying outside the main image. These were originally little sketches or doodles by artists, not really meant to be seen, but Chodowiecki turned them into "bonus items" for collectors. Chodowiecki, though speaking only French and German (due to his offices in the Huguenot French community in Berlin he often spoke French), many times also declared his Polish allegiance and had his son Isaac Heinrich, born in Berlin, painted as a very young child with a Polish outfit and haircut. After Partitions of Poland Chodowiecki wrote to Gräfin Solms-Laubach: "From father's side I'm Polish, a descendant of a brave nation which will soon vanish". In a letter to Józef Łęcki, the Polish astronomer, he wrote: "I consider it an honour to be a genuine Pole, even though I am now living in Germany". Because of his mother's and his wife's Huguenot descent he was very close to the Huguenots of Berlin. Nearly all his life and career was spent in Germany, writing in German and living in Berlin from the age of almost 17.
One of his most popular books is "Journey from Berlin to Danzig" (German: "Die Reise von Berlin nach Danzig", 1773) with many illustrations. He purchased a horse rather than going by stage coach. This was his first return after 30 years absence and he went specifically to see his elderly mother and sisters in Danzig again. He made only one more trip to Danzig afterwards, to his mother's funeral. He describes and illustrates towns and people in Pomerania and Prussia on the way.
Chodowiecki is buried at the Französischer Friedhof cemetery in Berlin.
References
Chodowiecki Daniel - Encyklopedia PWN
"Jeannette Papin (German, 1761 – 1835) – The Athenaeum". www.the-athenaeum.org. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
Hartmut Boockmann, Ostpreussen und Westpreussen, Siedler 2002, ISBN 3-88680-212-4
Charlotte Steinbrücker: Listy D. Chodowieckiego. Berlin, 1921.
Wolfgang Plat, Die Reise nach Danzig, Mit Daniel Chodowiecki durch Pommern
Source Citation
Daniel Mikołaj Chodowiecki (ur. 16 października 1726 w Gdańsku, zm. 7 lutego 1801 w Berlinie) – polsko-niemiecki malarz i rysownik.
Urodził się w Gdańsku ze związku hugenotki, córki złotnika Daniela Ayrera, Marie Henriette, urodzonej w Szwajcarii, oraz Gotfryda Chodowieckiego, wywodzącego się ze strony ojca od szlachty polskiej spod Gniezna. Jego dziadek Christian Chodowiecki był kupcem i ze względu na interesy zdecydował się osiąść w Gdańsku, gdzie zajął się handlem zbożem. Początkowo zgodnie z rodzinną tradycją Daniel również wykonywał zawód kupca. W siedemnastym roku życia wysłano go na praktykę handlową do Berlina, gdzie spędził większość życia. Został tam dyrektorem Pruskiej Akademii Sztuki(niem.). Pomimo mieszkania w Niemczech Chodowiecki czuł się po trosze Francuzem (ze względu na matkę, pochodzącej z hugenockiej rodziny), po trosze gdańszczaniniem i Polakiem. Po rozbiorze Polski w 1772 roku napisał do hrabiny Solms-Laubach: Z ojca jestem Polakiem, potomkiem dzielnego narodu, który wkrótce przestanie istnieć. Część swojej twórczości poświęcił Polsce oraz polskim tematom historycznym. Najbardziej znany w Polsce jest cykl jego 108 rysunków powstałych w roku 1773 podczas dwumiesięcznego pobytu u matki w Gdańsku; z kolei nieznane szerzej pozostają 2 kalendarzyki wydane w Berlinie - pierwszy z nich, z 1796, przedstawia polskie postacie i wydarzenia historyczne (Piast i Rzepicha, sejm piotrkowski, Kopernik, Władysław IV, Sobieski z ces. Leopoldem, August II, Stanisław Leszczyński, Stanisław August, Kościuszko, gen. Madaliński), mapę Polski Sotzmanna i Warszawy Heunnequina, drugi, z 1797 - sceny z życia Stanisława Leszczyńskiego wraz z typami polskiej szlachty, mieszczaństwa, chłopstwa oraz polskiego wojska. Był też autorem obrazu Konstytucja 3 maja. Daniel miał brata Jana Sereniusza, ministra braci czeskich.
W latach pięćdziesiątych XVIII wieku poświęcił się malarstwu, następnie zainteresował się akwafortą i z czasem stał się wziętym ilustratorem książek. Swymi dziełami zwrócił uwagę berlińskiej Akademii Umiejętności, która zleciła mu wykonanie ilustracji do wydawanego przez siebie kalendarza. Od tego czasu zaczął otrzymywać liczne zamówienia. Jeden z poetów, którego tomik ozdobiły grafiki Chodowieckiego, napisał, że „gdyby Chodowieckiego nie było – cały szereg książek nie znalazłby czytelnika.” Z jego licznych obrazów zachowało się tylko 30 (w tym 2 znajdujące się w gdańskim Muzeum Narodowym). Stworzył prawie 4 tys. rysunków oraz ponad 2 tysiące sztychów (rycin), wykonanych przeważnie techniką akwaforty oraz wiele scen rodzajowych z życia mieszczaństwa – zwykle w technice tuszu i piórka.
Wydany w 1774 traktat Das Elementarwerks autorstwa Johannesa Basedowa, za sprawą swojej formy i treści odmienił oblicze osiemnastowiecznej edukacji. Czterotomowe dzieło ilustrowane przez Daniela Chodowieckiego zawierało całokształt ówczesnej wiedzy o świecie ujętej w sposób przystępny dla młodych odbiorców
Daniel Mikołaj Chodowiecki (ur. 16 października 1726 w Gdańsku, zm. 7 lutego 1801 w Berlinie) – polsko-niemiecki malarz i rysownik.
Urodził się w Gdańsku ze związku hugenotki, córki złotnika Daniela Ayrera, Marie Henriette, urodzonej w Szwajcarii, oraz Gotfryda Chodowieckiego, wywodzącego się ze strony ojca od szlachty polskiej spod Gniezna. Jego dziadek Christian Chodowiecki był kupcem i ze względu na interesy zdecydował się osiąść w Gdańsku, gdzie zajął się handlem zbożem. Początkowo zgodnie z rodzinną tradycją Daniel również wykonywał zawód kupca. W siedemnastym roku życia wysłano go na praktykę handlową do Berlina, gdzie spędził większość życia. Został tam dyrektorem Pruskiej Akademii Sztuki(niem.). Pomimo mieszkania w Niemczech Chodowiecki czuł się po trosze Francuzem (ze względu na matkę, pochodzącej z hugenockiej rodziny), po trosze gdańszczaniniem i Polakiem. Po rozbiorze Polski w 1772 roku napisał do hrabiny Solms-Laubach: Z ojca jestem Polakiem, potomkiem dzielnego narodu, który wkrótce przestanie istnieć. Część swojej twórczości poświęcił Polsce oraz polskim tematom historycznym. Najbardziej znany w Polsce jest cykl jego 108 rysunków powstałych w roku 1773 podczas dwumiesięcznego pobytu u matki w Gdańsku; z kolei nieznane szerzej pozostają 2 kalendarzyki wydane w Berlinie - pierwszy z nich, z 1796, przedstawia polskie postacie i wydarzenia historyczne (Piast i Rzepicha, sejm piotrkowski, Kopernik, Władysław IV, Sobieski z ces. Leopoldem, August II, Stanisław Leszczyński, Stanisław August, Kościuszko, gen. Madaliński), mapę Polski Sotzmanna i Warszawy Heunnequina, drugi, z 1797 - sceny z życia Stanisława Leszczyńskiego wraz z typami polskiej szlachty, mieszczaństwa, chłopstwa oraz polskiego wojska. Był też autorem obrazu Konstytucja 3 maja. Daniel miał brata Jana Sereniusza, ministra braci czeskich.
W latach pięćdziesiątych XVIII wieku poświęcił się malarstwu, następnie zainteresował się akwafortą i z czasem stał się wziętym ilustratorem książek. Swymi dziełami zwrócił uwagę berlińskiej Akademii Umiejętności, która zleciła mu wykonanie ilustracji do wydawanego przez siebie kalendarza. Od tego czasu zaczął otrzymywać liczne zamówienia. Jeden z poetów, którego tomik ozdobiły grafiki Chodowieckiego, napisał, że „gdyby Chodowieckiego nie było – cały szereg książek nie znalazłby czytelnika.” Z jego licznych obrazów zachowało się tylko 30 (w tym 2 znajdujące się w gdańskim Muzeum Narodowym). Stworzył prawie 4 tys. rysunków oraz ponad 2 tysiące sztychów (rycin), wykonanych przeważnie techniką akwaforty oraz wiele scen rodzajowych z życia mieszczaństwa – zwykle w technice tuszu i piórka.
Wydany w 1774 traktat Das Elementarwerks autorstwa Johannesa Basedowa, za sprawą swojej formy i treści odmienił oblicze osiemnastowiecznej edukacji. Czterotomowe dzieło ilustrowane przez Daniela Chodowieckiego zawierało całokształt ówczesnej wiedzy o świecie ujętej w sposób przystępny dla młodych odbiorców