Muir, John, 1838-1914
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Muir, John, 1838-1914
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Muir, John, 1838-1914
Muir, John (American naturalist, 1838-1914)
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Name :
Muir, John (American naturalist, 1838-1914)
Muir, John
Name Components
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Muir, John
John Muir
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Name :
John Muir
ミューア, ジョン
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ミューア, ジョン
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Biographical History
American author and naturalist.
Naturalist, author, conservationist, John Muir is considered a precursor of the environmentalist movement. Through his numerous books and articles, which emphasize the importance of wilderness experiences to cultivation of spiritual values and maintenance of high-quality civilization, Muir brought appreciation of the natural environment to national consciousness. Instrumental in creation of National Park system, Muir was directly involved in creation of Yosemite, Sequoia, Grand Canyon, and Mt. Rainier parks. He later founded the Sierra Club (1892).
Naturalist, author, conservationist. Considered a precursor of environmentalist movement. Through his numerous books and articles, which emphasize importance of wilderness experiences to cultivation of spiritual values and maintenance of high-quality civilization, Muir brought appreciation of natural environment to national consciousness. Instrumental in creation of National Park system, Muir was directly involved in creation of Yosemite, Sequoia, Grand Canyon, and Mt. Rainier parks. He later founded Sierra Club (1892).
John Muir (1838-1914) led the nation toward an understanding and appreciation of the natural environment and its value as both a material and spiritual resource. James Eastman Shone was the great-grandson of John Muir's sister, Sarah Muir Galloway.
Nationally renowned author and conservationist writes in four letters of family illnesses, busy writing schedule, personal and Sierra Club business. Gives Coolbrith, future poet laureate of California (1915), permission to use his Stickeen story in public reading; agrees to sit on unnamed committee (1906-1911).
American naturalist.
John Muir, renowned conservationist, worked as a young man at Trout's Ontario, Canada factory and sawmill (1864-1866) until mill burned down. Trout discusses family, factory and religion. Muir discusses his writing and debates with Trout about Darwin's theories (1876-1913).
John Muir (1838-1914) was a naturalist, conservationist, and author. His published works include: The mountains of California, Our national parks, The Yosemite, and My first summer in the Sierra.
Biography / Administrative History
Naturalist, author, conservationist. Considered a precursor of environmentalist movement. Through his numerous books and articles, which emphasize importance of wilderness experiences to cultivation of spiritual values and maintenance of high-quality civilization, Muir brought appreciation of natural environment to national consciousness. Instrumental in creation of National Park system, Muir was directly involved in creation of Yosemite, Sequoia, Grand Canyon, and Mt. Rainier parks. He later founded Sierra Club (1892).
Biography / Administrative History
A Scottish-born journalist and naturalist, John Muir (1838-1914) studied botany and geology at the University of Wisconsin (1861-1863). He worked for awhile as a mill hand at the Trout Broom Factory in Meaford, Canada (1864-1866), then at an Indianapolis carriage factory (1866-1867), until an accident temporarily blinded him and directed his thoughts toward full-time nature study. Striking out on foot for South America, Muir walked to the Gulf of Mexico (September 1867-January 1868), but a long illness in Florida led him to change his plans and turn his interests westward. Muir arrived by ship at San Francisco (March 1868), walked to the Sierra Nevada Mountains and began a five year wilderness sojourn (1868-1873) during which he made his year-round home in the Yosemite Valley. Working as a sheepherder and lumberman when he needed money for supplies, Muir investigated the length and breadth of the Sierra range, focusing most of his attention on glaciation and its impact on mountain topography. He began to publish newspaper articles about what he saw in the California mountains and these articles brought him to the attention of such intellectuals as Asa Gray and Ralph Waldo Emerson, both of whom sought him out during their visits to California. Encouraged by Jeanne Carr, wife of his one-time botany professor, Ezra S. Carr, Muir took up nature writing as a profession (1872). He set up winter headquarters in Oakland and began a pattern of spring and summer mountaineering followed by winter writing based upon his travel journals that he held to until 1880. His treks took him to Mount Shasta (1874, 1875 & 1877), the Great Basin (1876, 1877, 1878), southern California and the Coast Range (1877), and southern Alaska (1879). Muir found that he could finance his modest bachelor lifestyle with revenue from contributions published in various San Francisco newspapers and magazines. During this period he launched the first lobbying effort to to protect Sierra forests from wasteful lumbering practices (1876).
In 1880 he married Louisa Strentzel, daughter of a prominent physician and horticulturist in Martinez, Calif. Quickly learning the fruit business, Muir soon found himself caught up in the full-time management of his father-in-law's orchard properties. Two daughters (Annie Wanda, b. 1881 and Helen Lillian, b. 1886) added to his domestic responsibilities. His writing diminished during this decade, with only one lengthy project completed ( Picturesque California, 1888).
Prompted by the persistent urging of Robert Underwood Johnson, an editor of Century Magazine, and freed from many business obligations by his father-in-law's death and the subsequent sale of much of Strentzel's property by Louisa Strentzel Muir, John Muir launched a major writing and lobbying campaign that culminated in the creation of Yosemite, Sequoia and General Grant (Kings Canyon) National Parks (1890). He also helped found the Sierra Club (1892) and used its collective influence to protect the boundaries of Yosemite (1895) from lumber interests. During the 1890s Muir again began to travel, visiting Alaska, 1890; Europe, 1893; Arizona & Oregon, 1896; Canada & Alaska, 1897, 1899; the Midwest and New England, 1898) and also published his first important book, The Mountains of California (1894).
During Muir's final fourteen years, he was hounded by a variety of family difficulties and political failures that probably hastened his death. Louisa, Muir's wife, died in 1905. In the same year his younger daughter, Helen, contracted tuberculosis and Muir shepherded the young woman to various spas ultimately settling her in Daggett in the Mojave Desert (1905). Meanwhile, the naturalist found himself at odds with "utilitarian" conservationists like Theodore Roosevelt and Gifford Pinchot, who were less interested in the preservation of wilderness than in the controlled 'harvesting' of forest resources. Pinchot also favored conversion of the Hetch Hetchy Valley to a reservoir for the city of San Francisco, an idea which ultimately became a reality despite Muir's dogged opposition (1908-1913). Still, John Muir found time and energy both for travel and for writing. In 1903 he ushered President Theodore Roosevelt through Yosemite, then shortly afterward took a year's voyage around the world (1903-1904). In 1906 Muir spent much time with daughter Helen in Arizona, the following year he summered in the Hetch Hetchy with California painter, William Keith and in 1909 visited the Grand Canyon and the Colorado River with John Burroughs and E.H. Harriman. His most extended trip during these years was a six month tour of South America and Africa (1911-1912). Muir somehow found time during the same years to publish Stickeen (1908), My First Summer in the Sierra (1910) and The Yosemite (1912).
A Scottish-born journalist and naturalist, John Muir (1838-1914) studied botany and geology at the University of Wisconsin (1861-1863). He worked for awhile as a mill hand at the Trout Broom Factory in Meaford, Canada (1864-1866), then at an Indianapolis carriage factory (1866-1867), until an accident temporarily blinded him and directed his thoughts toward full-time nature study. Striking out on foot for South America, Muir walked to the Gulf of Mexico (September 1867-January 1868), but a long illness in Florida led him to change his plans and turn his interests westward. Muir arrived by ship at San Francisco (March 1868), walked to the Sierra Nevada Mountains and began a five year wilderness sojourn (1868-1873) during which he made his year-round home in the Yosemite Valley. Working as a sheepherder and lumberman when he needed money for supplies, Muir investigated the length and breadth of the Sierra range, focusing most of his attention on glaciation and its impact on mountain topography. He began to publish newspaper articles about what he saw in the California mountains and these articles brought him to the attention of such intellectuals as Asa Gray and Ralph Waldo Emerson, both of whom sought him out during their visits to California. Encouraged by Jeanne Carr, wife of his one-time botany professor, Ezra S. Carr, Muir took up nature writing as a profession (1872). He set up winter headquarters in Oakland and began a pattern of spring and summer mountaineering followed by winter writing based upon his travel journals that he held to until 1880. His treks took him to Mount Shasta (1874, 1875 & 1877), the Great Basin (1876, 1877, 1878), southern California and the Coast Range (1877), and southern Alaska (1879). Muir found that he could finance his modest bachelor lifestyle with revenue from contributions published in various San Francisco newspapers and magazines. During this period he launched the first lobbying effort to protect Sierra forests from wasteful lumbering practices (1876).
In 1880 he married Louisa Strentzel, daughter of a prominent physician and horticulturist in Martinez, Calif. Quickly learning the fruit business, Muir soon found himself caught up in the full-time management of his father-in-law's orchard properties. Two daughters (Annie Wanda, b. 1881 and Helen Lillian, b. 1886) added to his domestic responsibilities. His writing diminished both in quantity and quality during this decade, with only one lengthy project completed (Picturesque California, 1888).
Prompted by the persistent urging of Robert Underwood Johnson, an editor of Century Magazine, and freed from many business obligations by his father-in-law's death and the subsequent sale of much of Strentzel's property by Louisa Strentzel Muir, John Muir launched a major writing and lobbying campaign that culminated in the creation of Yosemite, Sequoia and General Grant National Parks (1890). He also helped found the Sierra Club (1892) and used its collective influence to protect the boundaries of Yosemite (1895) from lumber interests. During the 1890s Muir again began to travel, visiting Alaska, 1890; Europe, 1893; Arizona & Oregon, 1896; Canada & Alaska, 1897, 1899; the Midwest and New England, 1898) and also published his first important book, The Mountains of California (1894).
During Muir's final fourteen years, he was hounded by a variety of family difficulties and political failures that probably hastened his death. Louisa, Muir's wife, died in 1905. In the same year his younger daughter, Helen, contracted tuberculosis and Muir shepherded the young woman to various spas ultimately settling her at Daggett in the Mojave Desert (1905). Meanwhile, the naturalist found himself at odds with "utilitarian" conservationists like Theodore Roosevelt and Gifford Pinchot, who were less interested in the preservation of wilderness than in the controlled "harvesting" of forest resources. Pinchot also favored conversion of the Hetch Hetchy Valley to a reservoir for the city of San Francisco, an idea which ultimately became a reality despite Muir's dogged opposition (1908-1913). Still, John Muir found time and energy both for travel and for writing. In 1903 he ushered President Theodore Roosevelt up Half Dome, then shortly afterward took a year's voyage around the world (1903-1904). In 1906 Muir spent much time with daughter Helen in Arizona, the following year he summered in the Hetch Hetchy with California painter, William Keith and in 1909 visited the Grand Canyon and the Colorado River with John Burroughs and E.H. Harriman. His most extended trip during these years was a six month tour of South America and Africa (1911-1912). Muir somehow found time during the same years to publish Stickeen (1908), My First Summer in the Sierra (1910) and The Yosemite (1912).
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External Related CPF
https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79078692
https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10580990
https://viaf.org/viaf/68933311
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q379580
https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79078692
https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79078692
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Languages Used
eng
Zyyy
Subjects
Authors, American
Conservationists
Conservation of natural resources
Environmentalism
Environmentalism
Environmental protection
Ferns
Forest conservation
Forest reserves
Forestry law and legislation
Forests and forestry
Geological surveys
Glacial landforms
Glacial landforms
Hetch Hetchy Valley (Calif.)
Industrialists
National parks and reserves
National parks and reserves
National parks and reserves
National parks and reserves
Naturalists
Naturalists
Naturalists
Naturalists
Public lands
Sierra Nevada (Calif. and Nev.) Description and travel
Sunday legislation
Vegetation surveys
Wildlife conservation
Wildlife conservationists
Yosemite National Park (Calif.)
Nationalities
Americans
Activities
Occupations
Naturalist
Legal Statuses
Places
United States
AssociatedPlace
Alaska
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West (U.S.)
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Alaska
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Mount Shasta (Calif.)
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Yellowstone National Park
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West (U.S.)
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United States
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Wisconsin
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California
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Yosemite National Park (Calif.)
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Alaska
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Canada
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California--Correspondence
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California
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Camp Randall
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California
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Hetch Hetchy Valley (Calif.)
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Canada
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Iowa
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Yosemite National Park (Calif.)
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United States
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Yosemite National Park (Calif.)
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West (U.S.)
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Soviet Union
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Hetch Hetchy Valley (Calif.)
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California
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Sierra Nevada (Calif. and Nev.)
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Alaska
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California--Drawings
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Prairie du Chien (Wis.)
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West (U.S.)
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Hetch Hetchy Resevoir (Calif.)
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Yosemite National Park (Calif.)
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Convention Declarations
<conventionDeclaration><citation>VIAF</citation></conventionDeclaration>