Clement XI, Pope, 1649-1721
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Clement XI, Pope, 1649-1721
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Clement XI, Pope, 1649-1721
Clément XI, pape, 1649-1721
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Clément XI, pape, 1649-1721
Klemens XI (papież ; 1649-1721).
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Klemens XI (papież ; 1649-1721).
Clement XI, Pope (Italian pope and patron, 1649-1721)
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Clement XI, Pope (Italian pope and patron, 1649-1721)
Klemens XI. Papst 1649-1721
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Klemens XI. Papst 1649-1721
Clemens PP. XI, 1649-1721
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Clemens PP. XI, 1649-1721
Clemens XI, påve, 1649-1721
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Clemens XI, påve, 1649-1721
Clément XI, pape
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Clément XI, pape
Clemens XI, paus, 1649-1721
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Clemens XI, paus, 1649-1721
Clément 1649-1721 pape XI
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Clément 1649-1721 pape XI
Pope Clement XI
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Pope Clement XI
Climent XI, papa, 1649-1721
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Climent XI, papa, 1649-1721
Klement XI., papež, 1649-1721
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Klement XI., papež, 1649-1721
Clement Papa XI. 1649-1721
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Clement Papa XI. 1649-1721
Clement Papa 1649-1721
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Clement Papa 1649-1721
Clementus Papa 1649-1721
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Clementus Papa 1649-1721
Clemens Papst XI. 1649-1721
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Clemens Papst XI. 1649-1721
Klemens pape XI
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Klemens pape XI
Clemente Papa 1649-1721
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Clemente Papa 1649-1721
Clemens den XI, Paus, 1649-1721
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Clemens den XI, Paus, 1649-1721
Clementus Papa XI. 1649-1721
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Clementus Papa XI. 1649-1721
Clement Pope, XI, 1649-1721
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Clement Pope, XI, 1649-1721
Climent papa XI,
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Climent papa XI,
Clemente XI.
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Clemente XI.
Clemens XI.
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Clemens XI.
Clement XI
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Clement XI
Klement Papa XI. 1649-1721
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Klement Papa XI. 1649-1721
Clemens (papa ; XI 1649-1721). [m]
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Clemens (papa ; XI 1649-1721). [m]
Albani, Giovanni F. 1649-1721
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Albani, Giovanni F. 1649-1721
Clemens papa, XI, 1649-1721
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Clemens papa, XI, 1649-1721
Clement 11
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Clement 11
Albani, Giovanni Francesco.
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Albani, Giovanni Francesco.
Klemens, XI=11, Papst, 1649-1721
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Klemens, XI=11, Papst, 1649-1721
Albani, Gian F. 1649-1721
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Albani, Gian F. 1649-1721
Klement Papa 1649-1721
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Klement Papa 1649-1721
Clemens Papst 1649-1721
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Clemens Papst 1649-1721
Clemens Papa 1649-1721
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Clemens Papa 1649-1721
Klementi Papa 1649-1721
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Klementi Papa 1649-1721
Clemens pape XI 1649-1721
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Clemens pape XI 1649-1721
Clemente Papa XI. 1649-1721
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Clemente Papa XI. 1649-1721
Clemens pape XI
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Clemens pape XI
Clemente Pope XI 1649-1721
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Clemente Pope XI 1649-1721
Clemens Pope XI 1649-1721
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Clemens Pope XI 1649-1721
Klementi Papa XI. 1649-1721
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Klementi Papa XI. 1649-1721
Albani, Giovan Francesco
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Albani, Giovan Francesco
Albani, Giovanni Francesco 1649-1721
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Albani, Giovanni Francesco 1649-1721
Albani, Gianfrancesco 1649-1721
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Albani, Gianfrancesco 1649-1721
Clement pape XI 1649-1721
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Clement pape XI 1649-1721
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Biographical History
Born Giovanni Francesco Albani in 1649, Clement XI was pontificate from November 23, 1700 until March 19, 1721.
Giovanni Francesco Albani.
Giovanni Francesco Albani was born of a noble Umbrian family and educated at the Roman College, where he became sufficiently proficient in the classics that he was admitted to the exclusive Accademia founded in Rome by Queen Christina of Sweden. After studying philosophy and law, he entered the curial service and advanced rapidly at the papal court. At the age of twenty-eight he governed successively Rieti, Sabina, and Orvieto. In all his assignments he was well received.
Recalled to Rome, he became vicar of St. Peter's and on the death of Giovanni Cardinal Slusio (1687) succeeded to the position of secretary of papal briefs. In 1690 he was named cardinal and exercised great influence under Alexander VIII and Innocent XII; he drafted the latter's constitution Romanum decet pontificem (Jun. 22, 1692) outlawing nepotism. Ordained to the priesthood in September 1700, he was elected pope at the forty-six-day conclave that followed, a candidate supported by the zelanti, that is, the cardinals who wanted a nonpolitical pope with the interests of the church at heart. His qualifications overbalanced the objection that he was only fifty-one years of age.
An ecclesiastic of austere habits, he accepted the papacy with reluctance. In spite of his administrative duties he remained a scholar throughout his life, striving always to enlarge the collections of the Vatican Library, one of the most important additions to the collection being the manuscripts (mostly Syriac) collected at his urging by the Orientalist and librarian Joseph Simeon Assemani (1687-1768). He also endeavored to preserve the cultural treasures of Rome by prohibiting the exportation of ancient objects.
The historian Christopher M. S. Johns (1993) notes: "during the first quarter of the eighteenth century Clement XI redirected papal art patronage away from the glorification of an individual pontiff, which typified the art campaigns of his predecessors, to that of the institution itself . . . [i.e.] the papacy as a spiritual and cultural entity. At the center of his policy was the restoration of several early Christian basilicas, a program deeply informed by the contemporary Paleo-Christian revival in sacred sciences and popular piety. Seeking to represent the image of Rome and the papacy to an increasingly well-educated and secularized Europe, Clement XI thus prepared the way for the creation of a museum-like city that still serves as the spiritual and cultural capital of the classical tradition."
He had less success in the political arena. Owen Chadwick notes that "more calamities happened to the papacy during this pontificate than under any pope since the reformation." Much of his reign was given over to the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714), which quickly demonstrated his own and the papacy's ineffectiveness.
During his pontificate Jansenism was condemned by his constitution Vineam Domini Sabaoth (Jul. 16, 1705), and his famous bull Unigenitus Dei Filius (Sept. 8, 1713). His constitution Ex illa die (Mar. 19, 1715) reiterated the 1704 ruling against the use by missionaries of Chinese rites on the pretext that they were primarily civic acts. This prohibition was finally lifted by Pius XII in 1939.
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https://viaf.org/viaf/100900471
https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n85089945
https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85089945
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q129967
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