Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, established by Andrew Carnegie in 1910, is a private, nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing cooperation between nations and promoting active international engagement by the United States. Carnegie selected 28 trustees who were leaders in American business and public life; among them were Harvard University president Charles W. Eliot; philanthropist Robert S. Brookings; former Ambassador to Great Britain Joseph H. Choate; former Secretary of State John W. Foster; former president of MIT and then-president of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching Henry S. Pritchett; and Carnegie Institution of Washington president Robert S. Woodward. He chose longtime adviser Elihu Root -Senator from New York, former Secretary of War and of State, and future Nobel Peace Prize recipient- to be the Endowment's first president. The Endowment was initially organized into three divisions: the Division of Economics and History to study the causes and impact of war, the Division of Intercourse and Education to promote international understanding and cooperation, and the Division of International Law to aid in the development of international law and dispute settlement. A European Centre and advisory board, set up in Paris as part of the Division of Intercourse and Education, was initially headed by Baron Paul d'Estournelles de Constant, founder and president of the Association for International Conciliation. The Library of the Centre Europeen was founded in 1913 in order to establish a collection of works on international law, politics, economics, government, and social science. During the interwar period, the Endowment revitalized efforts to promote international conciliation, financed reconstruction projects in Europe, supported the work of other organizations, and founded the Academy of International Law at the Hague. Endowment publications of the interwar period included the unprecedented 22-volume Classics of International Law, and the 150-volume Economic and Social History of the World War. In 1925, Nicholas Murray Butler, also a Nobel Prize recipient, succeeded Elihu Root as president of the Endowment. Over the next 20 years he promoted his vision of international cooperation in business and politics. Among his other accomplishments, he was instrumental in fashioning the Kellogg-Briand no-war pact of 1928. The activities of CEIP European Centre were almost completely suspended during the Nazi occupation of Paris. In 1954 the Centre moved to Geneva. Following World War II and Butler's retirement, the Endowment's three divisions were consolidated under the direction of President Joseph E. Johnson. John Foster Dulles led the board. For the next two decades the Endowment conducted research and public education programs on a range of issues, particularly relating to the newly created United Nations and the future of the postwar international legal system. The Endowment provided diplomatic training for some 250 foreign service officers from emerging nations and published International Conciliation, a leading journal in the field.

The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace was founded in 1910 by Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919), who transferred to 28 selected trustees the sum of $10 million in bonds, the revenue of which was to be used to "hasten the abolition of international war." Two of the trustees, Elihu Root and Nicholas Murray Butler were very important figures in the formation of the Endowment. Elihu Root (1845-1937) served his country as Secretary of War, Secretary of State, and United States Senator. He received the Nobel Peace prize in 1912 and was President of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Endowment from 1910 to 1925. Nicholas Murray Butler (1862-1947) served as President of Columbia University from 1902 to 1945 and shared the Nobel Peace Prize with Jane Addams in 1931. He succeeded Root as President of the Endowment, a post he held until 1945. The efforts of these men established the direction of the Endowment which encourages peace through educational enterprises that promote international understanding and the codification of international law. The Carnegie Endowment was headquartered in Washington, D.C., until it moved to New York City in 1950. The 60,000- volume library collection was sold to The George Washington University in 1950. The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, which since 1983 has again been headquartered in Washington, D.C., continues the work begun by its founders. The collection reflects the aims of the Endowment and is thus a very useful research source for scholars.

BIOGHIST REQUIRED Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, established by Andrew Carnegie in 1910, is a private, nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing cooperation between nations and promoting active international engagement by the United States. Carnegie selected 28 trustees who were leaders in American business and public life; among them were Harvard University president Charles W. Eliot; philanthropist Robert S. Brookings; former Ambassador to Great Britain Joseph H. Choate; former Secretary of State John W. Foster; former president of MIT and then-president of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching Henry S. Pritchett; and Carnegie Institution of Washington president Robert S. Woodward. He chose longtime adviser Elihu Root -Senator from New York, former Secretary of War and of State, and future Nobel Peace Prize recipient- to be the Endowment's first president. The Endowment was initially organized into three divisions: the Division of Economics and History to study the causes and impact of war, the Division of Intercourse and Education to promote international understanding and cooperation, and the Division of International Law to aid in the development of international law and dispute settlement.

A European Centre and advisory board, set up in Paris as part of the Division of Intercourse and Education, was initially headed by Baron Paul d'Estournelles de Constant, founder and president of the Association for International Conciliation. The Library of the Centre Europeen was founded in 1913 in order to establish a collection of works on international law, politics, economics, government, and social science. During the interwar period, the Endowment revitalized efforts to promote international conciliation, financed reconstruction projects in Europe, supported the work of other organizations, and founded the Academy of International Law at the Hague. Endowment publications of the interwar period included the unprecedented 22-volume Classics of International Law, and the 150-volume Economic and Social History of the World War.

In 1925, Nicholas Murray Butler, also a Nobel Prize recipient, succeeded Elihu Root as president of the Endowment. Over the next 20 years he promoted his vision of international cooperation in business and politics. Among his other accomplishments, he was instrumental in fashioning the Kellogg-Briand no-war pact of 1928. The activities of CEIP European Centre were almost completely suspended during the Nazi occupation of Paris. In 1954 the Centre moved to Geneva. Following World War II and Butler's retirement, the Endowment's three divisions were consolidated under the direction of President Joseph E. Johnson. John Foster Dulles led the board. For the next two decades the Endowment conducted research and public education programs on a range of issues, particularly relating to the newly created United Nations and the future of the postwar international legal system. The Endowment provided diplomatic training for some 250 foreign service officers from emerging nations and published International Conciliation, a leading journal in the field.