Raphael, Max, 1889-1952
Name Entries
person
Raphael, Max, 1889-1952
Name Components
Name :
Raphael, Max, 1889-1952
Sherr, Lloyd
Name Components
Name :
Sherr, Lloyd
Scherr, Lloyd
Name Components
Name :
Scherr, Lloyd
Raphael, Max
Name Components
Name :
Raphael, Max
Schönlank, M. R., 1889-1952
Name Components
Name :
Schönlank, M. R., 1889-1952
Rafael, Maks 1889-1952
Name Components
Name :
Rafael, Maks 1889-1952
Schoenlank, M. R.
Name Components
Name :
Schoenlank, M. R.
Schönlank, M. R. 1889-1952
Name Components
Name :
Schönlank, M. R. 1889-1952
Genders
Male
Exist Dates
Biographical History
Art historian and philosopher whose works reflect his attempt to forge a scientific methodology, on material foundations, for the analysis of artistic creation and the sociology of art.
Biographical/Historical Note
Max Raphael, art historian and philosopher, was born August 27, 1889 in Schönlanke (West Prussia), Germany. Beginning in 1900 he studied jurisprudence and political economy with Gustav von Schmoller in Berlin and with Lujo Brentano in Münich. Against his father's wishes he changed his course of study to philosophy (with Georg Simmel) and the history of art (with Heinrich Wölfflin).
In 1911 he met Picasso, studied the works of the Impressionists and Matisse and Cezanne. He became friendly with Max Pechstein and artists of the Blaue Reiter school. Then in 1913 he published his first book, Von Monet zu Picasso which, as a dissertation, was turned down by Wölfflin. During 1912-1913 he lived in Paris and primarily worked on French medieval art, especially the stained glass of Chartres. Raphael moved to Lake Constance where he studied and wrote on such diverse topics as geology, biology, botany, medieval history and Shakespeare. He was inducted into the German army in 1915, deserted in 1917 and subsequently moved to Switzerland where he published a war diary, Geist wider Macht .
Raphael returned to Berlin in 1920 and published his second book, Idee and Gestalt, which he later rejected. He published articles in various art newspapers aligning himself with the Secessionist and Expressionist movements. Between 1925-1932 he taught at the Berlin Volkshochschule and it was here that he first confronted the Socialist movement. During this period he published Der dorische Tempel and Zur Kunsttheorie des dialektischen Materialismus .
In 1932 Raphael left Germany, resigning from the Volkshochschule after his course on dialectical materialism in Greece was rejected. Until 1939 he lived in Paris in very poor circumstances. With the help of friends he was able to publish Proudhon Marx Picasso in 1933 and Zur Erkenntnistheorie der konkreten Dialektik in 1934, with a French edition in 1938. During this time he studied the French Romanesque period, wrote on Flaubert, and wrote Arbeiter, Kunst und Künstler, not published until 1978. He also worked with the architect André Lurçat, in whose studio he gave lectures on modern architecture.
During World War II, Raphael was interned twice in France at Gurs and Les Milles but was able to immigrate to the United States in 1941. Until his death in 1952 he lived and worked in New York and was engaged with the problem of art history as a science. He wrote on the development of national socialism in Germany and began essays for his book, Kunstgeschichte als Wissenschaft . His essays on Egyptian and prehistoric art were based on his lectures at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and were meant to prove his theories of “empirischen Kunstwissenschaft”. He published two books from this material, Prehistoric Cave Pottery in 1945 and Prehistoric Pottery and Civilization in Egypt in 1947. The compilation of his analysis of works by artists such as El Greco, Hals, Tintoretto, Giotto, Picasso and Cézanne, became the manuscript for Wie will ein Kunstwerk gesehen sein? . Two further volumes were planned, one on architecture and one on sculpture, as well as a three volume work, Zur Ikonographie der quaternären Kunst .
His works reflect his attempt to forge a scientific methodology, on material foundations, for the analysis of artistic creation and the sociology of art.
Raphael committed suicide on July 14, 1952. Through the efforts of his wife, Emma Raphael, and a disciple, Ilse Hirschfeld, many of Max Raphael's works have been translated and published.
eng
Latn
External Related CPF
https://viaf.org/viaf/22155975
https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n84084697
https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84084697
Other Entity IDs (Same As)
Sources
Loading ...
Resource Relations
Loading ...
Internal CPF Relations
Loading ...
Languages Used
ger
Zyyy
fre
Zyyy
eng
Zyyy
Subjects
Aesthetics
Aesthetics and the philosophy of art
Aesthetics, Modern
Aesthetics, Modern
Architecture
Architecture, Romanesque
Architecture, Romanesque
Art
Art and society
Art, Prehistoric
Creation in art
Creation (Literary, artistic, etc.)
Knowledge, Theory of
Painting, Modern
Painting, Modern
Painting, Modern
Philosophy, Marxist
Sculpture
Sculpture, Egyptian
Sculpture, Greek
Nationalities
Germans
Activities
Occupations
Legal Statuses
Places
France
AssociatedPlace
Convention Declarations
<conventionDeclaration><citation>VIAF</citation></conventionDeclaration>