CARE (Firm)

The international relief agency CARE was founded in 1945 to provide food and clothing to European victims of World War II. Gradually it broadened its focus to include on-going projects in agriculture, nutrition, education, medicine, and community development, in conjunction with host governments in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America.

Sidney Hertzberg (1910-83), editor, writer, journalist, and publicist, was born in Manhattan, the son of immigrant garment workers. He was educated in the New York City public schools and was graduated from Morris High School. He attended (without taking a degree) the Experimental College founded by Alexander Meiklejohn at the University of Wisconsin.

His journalistic career began in 1929 when, in order to support his college studies, he took a job as a copy boy at the New York Times . He was quickly invited to join the Times ' staff as general assignment reporter where he remained (at the expense of his college career) until 1934, perfecting his skills as a journalist and carrying out a variety of assignments including assisting the poetry editor, writing editorials and "Topics of the Times" columns, and reporting on political and economic conditions in Scandinavia (where he was sent as special correspondent) for the newspaper's Sunday edition.

During the mid-Depression years (1934-39) Mr. Hertzberg's talents as journalist and publicist found expression in a variety of ways. He was for a time editor of the Labor Tribune (of Jamestown, N.Y.), labor editor of the New Leader, contributing editor for Time (magazine), consultant and reporter on industrial relations for Fortune (magazine) and correspondent for the Milwaukee Leader, the Nation, the New Republic, and the New York Post . As publicist he managed publicity for the New York State Socialist Party; for the 1936 presidential campaign of Norman Thomas; and for the Workers Defense League in its campaign against municipal corruption in Jersey City (N.J.). His on-site coverage of the murder trial of Joseph Shoemaker in Tampa, Florida as representative of the Committee for the Defense of Civil Rights in Tampa was widely publicized in the labor press.

By the outbreak of World War II Mr. Hertzberg had become national publicity director of the America First Committee and had organized the Writers Anti-War Bureau whose members included Stuart Chase, Marquis Childs, Quincy Howe, and Oswald Garrison Villard. The Bureau published under his and Cushman Reynold's editorship a weekly newsletter, Uncensored, which was widely respected for its objectivity and journalistic integrity. In 1943 he succeeded Edward Bingham as editor of Common Sense, a monthly public affairs magazine; and afterwards (1945-47) he served as editorial consultant for Commentary where he was responsible for writing the magazine's "The Month in History" column which analyzed events in the Middle East.

With the return of peace Mr. Hertzberg became increasingly involved with matters relating to India. Since 1943 he had assisted the India League of America in organizing public support for the Indian nationalist movement. When India was threatened with famine in 1946 he organized the India Famine Emergency Committee which was successful in obtaining increased food aid for India. The Committee sponsored the American Famine Mission to India which visited India in the summer of 1946 for the purpose of evaluating India's food requirements. As member of the mission Mr. Hertzberg conferred with Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru and established lasting friendships with several prominent Indian political figures.

During the next two years (1947-48) Mr. Hertzberg travelled extensively in the Far East as regional representative for Asia of the United Nations Appeal for Children. Based in Shanghai, he visited various countries, consulting with governmental officials and interviewing prominent persons in an effort to obtain the cooperation of foreign governments in carrying out the program of UNAC. The following year he became special consultant in Asia for CARE.

Capitalizing on his knowledge of Asia and on his friendships with Indian figures, Mr. Hertzberg was appointed in 1950 special correspondent in America for The Hindustan Times, a New Delhi daily edited by Mahatma Gandhi's son, Davidas Gandhi. Until his resignation for financial reasons in 1956 he provided weekly commentaries and analyses of American affairs for the Indian audience. During this time he also represented the Gandhi Films Committee of the Gandhi National Memorial Trust which sought to collect original film footage of Mahatma Gandhi. In the spring of 1952 on a return visit to India he succeeded, after much difficult negotiation, in obtaining for CBS Television's "See It Now" program directed by Edward R. Murrow, the first formal television interview ever granted by Prime Minister Nehru.

After brief and personally disappointing stints as public relations director (1956) of the Liberal Party of New York State and as executive director (1957-58) of the League for Industrial Democracy, Mr. Hertzberg founded (1959) Current, a monthly magazine which sought to provide the concerned citizen with a compendium of new ideas derived from a multitude of sources. He remained as its editor until 1964. The following year he served as editorial director of Consumers Union, publisher of "Consumer Reports"; and afterwards (until 1967) he was engaged in a variety of free-lance editorial assignments with the Ford Foundation, the Columbia Broadcasting System, and with Life magazine as director of its educational reprints program.

His last major employment as editor and publicist occurred in 1967 when he was appointed special consultant to Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey for the purpose of aiding the latter's bid for the presidency in 1968.

In 1976 in response to Indira Gandhi's "emergency rule" of that year he organized a public appeal for the restoration of human rights in India which was supported by many prominent persons and which was published in the New York Times .

Mr. Hertzberg lived for many years in Palisades, New York. He was married in 1941 to Hazel Whitman Hertzberg who was for many years a professor at Teachers College, Columbia University. They had two children: a son, Hendrik Hertzberg; and a daughter, Katrina Hertzberg.