Harvey family.

The Harvey family, descendants of William Harvey, one of the founders of Taunton, Mass., produced two important inventors in the arts of metalworking and metallurgy.

Thomas William Harvey was born in Vermont on July 22, 1795. His parents having died, he was apprenticed to a blacksmith. In 1814 he moved to western New York State. While supporting himself as a smith, he began making experiments in the mechanical and metallurgical arts, particularly in the production of screws, nails and spikes, where he made many improvements and was awarded several patents. In 1833 he developed the toggle joint for the rotary printing press. He helped to organize the Poughkeepsie Screw Manufacturing Company in 1836. He patented the gimlet-pointed screw in 1838, but did not succeed in getting people to abandon the old blunt-ended screw until 1846.

The Poughkeepsie Screw factory went bankrupt in the depression of 1839-43, and the machinery was moved to a smaller factory near Somerville, N.J. In 1839, Thomas W. Harvey moved to New York City, where he began to experiment with electricity and electro-magnetism, believing it to be the power source of the future. He apparently produced a crude electric motor which was not commercially viable. He organized the New York Screw Company in 1844, and it later absorbed the Somerville factory. Harvey decided to integrate backwards and produce his own iron and wire rods as well as finished screws. He organized the Harvey Steel & Iron Company in 1852 and helped to develop the famous Tilly Foster iron mines in Putnam County, N.Y. The company's furnaces were located in Mott Haven in what is now the Bronx. He began experimenting with processes to make steel or wrought iron directly from the ore, but he died at Canaan, Conn., on June 5, 1854, having been badly injured in a railroad wreck the previous year.

His son, Hayward Augustus Harvey, was born at Jamestown, N.Y., on January 17, 1824. He received his education at private academies at Poughkeepsie and New Paltz, N.Y., and his mechanical training in his father's shops. He assisted his father in his many enterprises and for a while was in charge of the Somerville factory. After his father's death he continued his work, inventing automatic machinery for the manufacture of screws, bolts, washers, wire nails and springs. He organized the Continental Screw Company in Jersey City, N.J., in 1865 but sold out to the large American Screw Company of Providence after about five years.

After 1885, Harvey turned his attention to metallurgy with the advice and encouragement of Benjamin G. Clarke of the Thomas Iron Company. At a shop in Brooklyn, he experimented with methods of hardening the cheaper grades of Bessemer steel to obtain a surface equal to the best refined steels. The result, "Harveyized" steel, was obtained by heating steel to a moderate temperature while in contact with carbonaceous material, so that the surface absorbed some of the carbon and became harder.

The Harvey Steel Company was organized on November 19, 1886, and constructed a furnace for making file and tool steel in Jersey City in 1887. In 1889 the company erected a much larger plant near Brills Station in Newark and expanded it into the treating of armor plate. Hayward A. Harvey died in Orange, N.J., on August 28, 1893. Three foreign affiliates were set up to sell the rights to the Harvey process abroad, the Harvey Steel Company of Great Britian, Ltd., the Société des Procédés Harvey for France, and the Harvey Continental Steel Company, Ltd., for the rest of Europe. The American company became involved in litigation with the Bethlehem Iron Company and the Carnegie Steel Company, Ltd., over unauthorized use of the process beginning in 1894.

After the founder's death, it became easier to sell the rights to the Harvey process than to carry on large-scale manufacture. The Brills Works was shut down around 1900 and dismantled soon after. Around 1900 the three European affiliates were consolidated as the Harvey United Steel Company, Ltd., under the leadership of Albert Vickers, and the British firm became the major stockholder of the New Jersey company. The Harvey United Steel Company, Ltd., was liquidated in 1913 following the expiration of its major patents.