Presbyterian Church

Presbyterians started moving into Texas from the United States in the 1820s, and Milton Estell established the first Presbyterian Church in Texas near Clarksville in 1833.

Although Cumberland Presbyterian missionary Sumner Bacon first entered Texas in 1829, the first Cumberland Presbyterian church did not organize until 1837. By the 1840s, the Cumberland Synod of Texas in Nacogdoches began to spread its evangelistic policy throughout the state.

Peter H. Fullenwider, one of Stephen F. Austin's original 300 settlers, became the first minister of the Presbyterian Church of the United States of America (PCUSA) to move to Texas in 1834. This denomination split in 1837 into the Old School and New School sects.

Fullenwider was an Old School preacher, as was Hugh Wilson, who established Bethel Presbyterian Church, the first Old School church in Texas, near San Augustine in 1838. Over the next few decades, several Old School churches and synods sprang up in Texas, and by 1854, the first New School presbytery was also established. At the start of the Civil War in 1861, most churches within the two sects joined together in the South to form the Presbyterian Church in the Confederate States of America (PCCSA). The PCCSA renamed itself to the Presbyterian Church in the United States (PCUS) following the war, but a few of the PCCSA churches joined the PCUSA instead.

Although a small number of Cumberland Presbyterians still exist throughout Texas and the greater United States, in 1906 most rejoined the PCUSA, from which the church had split in 1810.

In turn, the PCUSA merged with the United Presbyterian Church of North America to form the United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (UPUSA or UP) in 1958. Twenty-five years later, the PCUS merged with the UP to form the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), also known as the PC(USA). In 1993, the Cumberland Presbyterians had 9,465 members in Texas, while the PC(USA) had 149,641 devotees.