Leyda, Jay, 1910-1988

Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein created his first film, "Strike" in 1924. "The Battleship Potemkin" (1925) brought him to the attention of critics in the United States and England. "October of Ten Days that Shook the World" followed in 1928 and, the next year, "The General Line." Eisenstein came to America in 1930 to work for Paramount. He was assigned to direct "Sutter's Gold" and a film adaption of Theodore Dreiser's novel "An American Tragedy"; neither project was completed. In 1932, in collaboration with Upton Sinclair, Eisenstein went to Mexico City to begin filming "Que Viva Mexico." The picture generated much acrimony in the film world and was never completed. Eisenstein returned to Russia in 1932 where he began his next project, the pageant opera "Alexander Nevsky" (1938). In 1940 he worked on a project, "Love of a Poet" based on Pushkin's Boris Godunov. Between 1942 and 1946 Eisenstein completed parts I & II of his last film "Ivan the Terrible," starring Cherkasov. He was working on part III when he died of a heart attack in Moscow, February 19, 1948. Eisenstein is probably best known for his use of montage. His philosophy of films and film-making is revealed in published collections of his essays, especially "The Film Sense" (1942) and "Film Form" (1949).

Jay Leyda (1910-1988) was a leading film historian, best known for his work on Soviet cinema and director Sergei Eisenstein, and on Chinese cinema. He was also a filmmaker, photographer, archivist, translator, professor of cinema studies at New York University, and was also noted for his Emily Dickinson and Herman Melville scholarship. His wife, Si Lan Chen Leyda (1909- ) was a modern dancer who pioneered the use of Chinese dance elements.

Filmmaker, author; interviewee d. 1988.

Jay Leyda, author of works on American literature and world cinema.

Filmmaker, author; interviewee d.1988.

Leyda was born Feb. 12, 1910 in Detroit; studied filmmaking at State Film Institute, Moscow, with Sergei Eisenstein in 1933; critic, filmmaker, author, editor, educator; translated Eisenstein's theoretical works on cinema; wrote/edited critical studies/biographies of Melville, Dickenson, Mussorgsky, and Rachmaninoff; lifelong film historian and teacher of cinema; during 1940s was technical advisor on Russian subjects for Hollywood; in 1960s and 70s taught at Yale and York Univ., Toronto; was at NYU from 1973 until his death on Feb. 15, 1988 of heart failure.

Biography

Leyda was born February 12, 1910 in Detroit; studied filmmaking at State Film Institute, Moscow, with Sergei Eisenstein in 1933; critic, filmmaker, author, editor, educator; translated Eisenstein's theoretical works on cinema; wrote/edited critical studies/biographies of Melville, Dickenson, Mussorgsky, and Rachmaninoff; lifelong film historian and teacher of cinema; during 1940s was technical advisor on Russian subjects for Hollywood; in 1960s and 70s taught at Yale and York University, Toronto; was at New York University from 1973 until his death on February 15, 1988 of heart failure.

Jay Leyda (1910-1988) was a leading film historian, best known for his work on Soviet cinema and director Sergei Eisenstein, and on Chinese cinema. He was also a film maker, photographer, archivist, translator, professor of cinema studies at New York University, and was also noted for his Emily Dickinson and Herman Melville scholarship. His wife, Si Lan Chen Leyda (1909- ) was a modern dancer who pioneered the use of Chinese dance elements.

Jay Leyda was born on February 12, 1910 in Detroit, Michigan, and was adopted and raised by his grandmother in Dayton, Ohio, after his mother's early divorce. In 1930 Jay moved to New York City to work for photographer Ralph Steiner. Leyda was published in Arts Weekly, exhibited at the Julien Levy gallery, worked for the Workers Film and Photo League, was a founding member of the Film Society and the Film Forum, and arranged music to be played during silent films. At this time he formed a liaison with the activist attorney Carol King and may have joined the Communist Party USA. In 1932 Leyda made his first film A Bronx Morning, which led to his September 1933 acceptance to the Moscow State Film School, where he studied directing with Sergei Eisenstein. Leyda became a correspondent for Theatre Arts Monthly and New Theatre, and using the pen name James Lincoln, was an art critic for the Moscow News . In 1934 Leyda married Si Lan Chen, whose sister Yolanda worked as a camera operator for Mosfilms. In 1934-35 Leyda worked for Eisenstein as photographer and archivist during the making of Bezhin Meadow.

In 1936 the Museum of Modern Art offered Leyda the position of Assistant Curator of Films, and he brought to New York a rare print of Potemkin and other films collected throughout Europe. Leyda expanded MOMA's film collection and wrote pamphlets on the history of film. A 1940 newspaper article alleged he was a subversive agent and his resignation was requested. In 1941 Eisenstein commissioned Leyda to translate and edit a group of essays which became The Film Sense (1942). Leyda moved to Hollywood in 1942 where he was a technical advisor on films on Russian subjects, including Mission to Moscow . At this time Leyda began his work on Herman Melville documents (planned as a birthday present for Eisenstein) which led to The Melville Log: a documentary life of Herman Melville (1951), as well as the Complete Stories of Melville (1949) and the Portable Melville (1952). In 1943 he was drafted into the Army but was discharged shortly thereafter. A translation project begun at this time was The Musorgsky Reader, a 1947 collaboration with Sergei Bertensson, with whom Leyda later co-authored Sergei Rachmaninoff: A Lifetime in Music, (1956). Highlights of Leyda's continuing work on Soviet cinema include Film Form: Essays in Film Theory (1949), his 1954 study film from the negative of Eisenstein's unfinished Que Viva Mexico, Kino, a History of the Russian and Soviet film (1960), and Eisenstein at Work (1980).

In 1954 Leyda left Los Angeles and for the next twenty years traveled widely, living abroad much of the time with London as a home base. From 1959-1964, Leyda spent much of his time in Peking at the China Film Archive, resulting in Dianying (Electric Shadows): an Account of Films and the Film Audience in China (1972). From 1964-1969, Leyda spent much of his time working at the Staatliches Filmarchiv in East Berlin in the German Democratic Republic, and in 1964 he published his Films Beget Films: a Study of the Compilation Film . Non-film undertakings included The Years and Hours of Emily Dickinson (1960), and the 1964 performance of the opera Bartelby the Scrivener, for which Leyda wrote the libretto. In 1973, after brief teaching jobs at Yale and York Universities, Leyda became professor of Cinema Studies at NYU. He published Voices of Film Experience: 1894-to the Present (1977), regularly visited the USSR and published several collections of Eisenstein materials, and continued to write, lecture, curate, and consult widely on film and other topics. Leyda died on February 15, 1988.

BIOGRAPHY: SI-LAN CHEN LEYDA

Si-Lan Chen was born in Trinidad and moved to London in 1912 where she studied dance at the Stedman Academy. In 1926 she joined her father, who had become secretary for Sun Yat-sen and Foreign Minister of the Canton government. In 1927, after Chiang Kai-shek took power, the family fled to Moscow. Chen enrolled in the Bolshoi Ballet School but disliked the discipline and switched to Vera Maya's school. She gave her first important recital in 1930 at the Moscow Conservatory. After adapting her style to reflect a proletarian ideology, she was proclaimed the first modern Soviet dancer. Throughout the late 1930s and early 1940s she toured the U.S., Mexico and the West Indies performing in benefits for China relief. In the mid-1940s Chen worked in Hollywood as a choreographer, dance instructor and occasionally appeared on film. Her career was complicated by her long struggle to obtain U.S. citizenship. Chen's biography, Footnote to History, was published in 1984.

JAY LEYDA: SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

I. Books by Leyda

II. Books edited and/or translated by Leyda

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