German socialist and journalist.
Born in Bonn 1812, died in Paris 1875; journalist and writer, pioneer for both the socialist movement and the Zionist movement; went to Paris at the end of the 1830s; wrote e.g. for Rheinische Zeitung, Deutsch-französische Jahrbücher, Vorwärts Paris, Rheinische Jahrbücher and closely cooperated with Marx and Engels; chairman of the Deutsche Arbeiterverein and journalist in Paris 1848-1849; had to flee, went first to Switzerland then to Belgium, and returned to Paris in 1853, where he stayed intermittently for the rest of his life; after the coup of Napoleon III in 1851 turned towards the natural sciences; returned to politics during the Italian war in 1859; supported the national movements in 1863; representative of the Allgemeine Deutsche Arbeiterverein in Cologne; extradited from Paris as a Prussian citizen in 1870; criticized Bismarck's policies and soon returned to Paris, where he worked on cosmological studies.
880-13
Nemet︠s︡kiĭ filosof i publit︠s︡ist, predstavitelʹ "istinnogo sot︠s︡ializma" serediny 1840-kh gg., chlen Vseobshchego germanskogo rabochego soi︠u︡za.